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Conflict and Tension: The First World War, 1894–1918

Germany surrenders

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1 section B

Overview

The British naval blockade and its effects on German civilians and war production, the Kiel mutiny and the German revolution, the Kaiser's abdication and Ebert's government, the armistice signed at Compiègne and its terms, and the parts played by Haig and Foch in the Allied victory.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Numbers

What effect did the blockade have on German civilians?

Key term

How did the blockade weaken Germany’s ability to keep fighting?

Key term

What set off the German revolution of November 1918?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    How did the British naval blockade work?

    Model answer

    The Royal Navy closed the exits from the North Sea and stopped shipping, cutting Germany off from overseas food, fertiliser and raw materials.

  2. 2

    What effect did the blockade have on German civilians?

    Model answer

    Severe shortages and hunger, remembered in the turnip winter of 1916–17, with hundreds of thousands dying of malnutrition and disease.

  3. 3

    How did the blockade weaken Germany’s ability to keep fighting?

    Model answer

    Hungry, war-weary workers went on strike and shortages of rubber, oil and metals crippled the production of weapons and munitions.

  4. 4

    What set off the German revolution of November 1918?

    Model answer

    Sailors at Kiel mutinied rather than put to sea on a last hopeless sortie, and the revolt spread quickly to other cities.

  5. 5

    Why did Wilhelm II give up the throne, and on what date?

    Model answer

    He had lost the support of both the army and the government, and he abdicated on 9 November 1918 before fleeing to the Netherlands.

  6. 6

    Who took charge of Germany once the Kaiser had gone?

    Model answer

    A republic was proclaimed and Friedrich Ebert led the new government, and it was that government which asked for peace.

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