AQA GCSE History 8145
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Conflict and Tension: The First World War, 1894–1918
Germany surrenders
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1 section B
Overview
The British naval blockade and its effects on German civilians and war production, the Kiel mutiny and the German revolution, the Kaiser's abdication and Ebert's government, the armistice signed at Compiègne and its terms, and the parts played by Haig and Foch in the Allied victory.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
How did the blockade weaken Germany’s ability to keep fighting?
What set off the German revolution of November 1918?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How did the British naval blockade work?
Model answer
The Royal Navy closed the exits from the North Sea and stopped shipping, cutting Germany off from overseas food, fertiliser and raw materials.
- 2
What effect did the blockade have on German civilians?
Model answer
Severe shortages and hunger, remembered in the turnip winter of 1916–17, with hundreds of thousands dying of malnutrition and disease.
- 3
How did the blockade weaken Germany’s ability to keep fighting?
Model answer
Hungry, war-weary workers went on strike and shortages of rubber, oil and metals crippled the production of weapons and munitions.
- 4
What set off the German revolution of November 1918?
Model answer
Sailors at Kiel mutinied rather than put to sea on a last hopeless sortie, and the revolt spread quickly to other cities.
- 5
Why did Wilhelm II give up the throne, and on what date?
Model answer
He had lost the support of both the army and the government, and he abdicated on 9 November 1918 before fleeing to the Netherlands.
- 6
Who took charge of Germany once the Kaiser had gone?
Model answer
A republic was proclaimed and Friedrich Ebert led the new government, and it was that government which asked for peace.
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