When did cholera strike Britain?

In major epidemics from 1831, and again in 1848, 1854 and 1866, killing tens of thousands of people each time.

What was found to have contaminated the Broad Street pump?

A cracked cesspool beside the well, into which the nappies of an infected baby had been emptied.

What did Chadwick report in 1842?

That disease and early death were far worse among labouring families, that filth and bad drainage were to blame, and that water and sewers paid for from the rates would cost less than supporting the sick.

AQA GCSE History 8145

America, 1840–1895: Expansion and ConsolidationPeriod study

Topic overview The geography of North America Why the early settlers went west and the challenges they faced Dealing with a different culture Increasing conflict on the Plains The background to the American Civil War Coming to terms with the Mormons The aftermath of the American Civil War The continued settlement of the west The resolution of ‘the Indian problem’ after 1865

America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and InequalityPeriod study

Topic overview The ‘Boom’Social and cultural developments A divided society: prohibition, organised crime and racial tension American society during the Depression The effectiveness of the New Deal on different groups in society The impact of the Second World War Post-war American society and economy Racial tension and developments in the Civil Rights campaigns in the 1950s and 1960s America and the ‘Great Society'

Conflict and Tension Between East and West, 1945–1972Wider world depth

Topic overview The end of the Second World War The Iron Curtain and the evolution of East-West rivalry The significance of events in Asia for superpower relations Military rivalries: the arms race and the space race The ‘Thaw’The building of the Berlin Wall Tensions over Cuba Czechoslovakia and the Prague Spring Easing of tension

Conflict and Tension in Asia, 1950–1975Wider world depth

Topic overview The causes of the Korean War The development of the Korean War The end of the Korean War The end of French colonial rule US involvement in Vietnam under Eisenhower and Kennedy Johnson’s War Nixon’s War Opposition to the Vietnam War The end of the war

Conflict and Tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009Wider world depth

Topic overview Regional instability The Gulf War, 1990 Al-Qaeda and the 11 September attacks Afghanistan and the Taliban regime Bush’s war against terror Saddam Hussein's regime The invasion of Iraq 2003 The impact of war on the Iraqi people and across the world

Conflict and Tension: The First World War, 1894–1918Wider world depth

Topic overview The Alliance System Anglo-German rivalry Outbreak of war The Schlieffen Plan The Western Front The wider war: other fronts, Gallipoli and the war at sea Changes in the Allied Forces Military developments in 1918 and their contribution to Germany’s defeat Germany surrenders

Conflict and Tension: The Inter-War Years, 1918–1939Wider world depth

Topic overview The armistice The Versailles Settlement Impact of the treaty and wider settlement The League of Nations Diplomacy outside the League The collapse of the League The development of tension Escalation of tension The outbreak of war

Elizabethan England, c1568–1603British depth

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Germany, 1890–1945: Democracy and DictatorshipPeriod study

Topic overview Kaiser Wilhelm and the difficulties of ruling Germany Impact of the First World War Weimar democracy The impact of the Depression The failure of Weimar democracy The establishment of Hitler’s dictatorship Nazi economic changes and the impact of war Nazi social policy: women, youth, education, churches and racial persecution Nazi control: propaganda, the police state, opposition and resistance

Health and the People in Britain, c1000 to the Present DayThematic study

Topic overview The factors that shape this study Medieval medicine Medical progress Public health in the Middle Ages The impact of the Renaissance on Britain Dealing with disease Prevention of disease The development of Germ Theory and its impact on the treatment of disease in Britain A revolution in surgery Improvements in public health Modern treatment of disease The impact of war and technology on surgery Modern public health

Medieval England: The Reign of Edward I, 1272–1307British depth

Topic overview Henry III’s legacy Development of government, rights and justice Trade, towns and villages Education and learning The development of the legal system Medieval warfare, tactics and technology The invasion and colonisation of Wales Relations with Scotland The historic environment of Medieval England Historic site: the Battle of Stirling Bridge (2027)Historic site: Acton Burnell Castle (2028)

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Norman England, c1066–c1100British depth

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Russia, 1894–1945: Tsardom and CommunismPeriod study

Topic overview Russia’s economy and society Nicholas II’s autocracy and the court The First World War and the collapse of Tsarist government The Provisional Government The impact of Lenin's dictatorship War Communism, the Kronstadt Rising and the New Economic Policy Stalin the dictator Stalin's modernisation of the USSR Impact of the Second World War

Health and the People in Britain, c1000 to the Present Day

Improvements in public health

3 things to know
Paper 2 section A

Overview

Living conditions in the industrial towns, cholera and how it spreads, John Snow and the Broad Street pump, Chadwick's report of 1842 and the resistance to it, the Public Health Acts of 1848 and 1875, the Great Stink and Bazalgette's sewers, and why attitudes changed.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Numbers

How did John Snow show that cholera was carried in water?

Key term

What were living conditions like in the fast-growing industrial towns?

Key term

What is cholera and how does it spread?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What were living conditions like in the fast-growing industrial towns?
Model answer
Families were packed into back-to-back houses round shared courtyards, dozens shared a single privy over a cesspit, and water came from a standpipe or a fouled river.
2
What is cholera and how does it spread?
Model answer
A disease causing violent diarrhoea and rapid death from loss of fluid, spread by drinking water contaminated with the waste of those already infected.
3
When did cholera strike Britain?
Model answer
In major epidemics from 1831, and again in 1848, 1854 and 1866, killing tens of thousands of people each time.
4
How did John Snow show that cholera was carried in water?
Model answer
He mapped the deaths in Soho in 1854, found they clustered round one pump in Broad Street, had its handle taken off, and the outbreak stopped.
5
What was found to have contaminated the Broad Street pump?
Model answer
A cracked cesspool beside the well, into which the nappies of an infected baby had been emptied.
6
What did Chadwick report in 1842?
Model answer
That disease and early death were far worse among labouring families, that filth and bad drainage were to blame, and that water and sewers paid for from the rates would cost less than supporting the sick.

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America, 1840–1895: Expansion and Consolidation

America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and Inequality

Conflict and Tension Between East and West, 1945–1972

Conflict and Tension in Asia, 1950–1975

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ABlight destroyed the potato crop the poor lived on.

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