What is hostile aggression?

Hostile aggression is harm caused as an end in itself, usually out of anger. A footballer who deliberately kicks an opponent after being fouled shows hostile aggression.

A rugby player makes a crunching tackle that is legal and timed to win the ball. Is this aggression or assertion?

The tackle is assertion. The player used legal force to win the ball, with no intent to injure.

An ice hockey player strikes an opponent with his stick after the whistle. Is this aggression or assertion?

The strike is aggression. The act is outside the rules and aimed at harming the opponent.

OCR A-Level Physical Education H555

Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Topic overview Shoulder, elbow and wrist joints and muscles Hip, knee and ankle joints and muscles Planes of movement, muscle roles and contractions Analysing movement in sporting actions Motor units and muscle fibre types

The Cardiovascular System

Topic overview Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output at rest The cardiac cycle and conduction system Cardiac responses to exercise and recovery The vascular shunt mechanism Venous return and heart rate regulation

The Respiratory System

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Energy for Exercise

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Environmental Effects on Body Systems

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Periodisation of Training

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Training and Lifestyle Diseases

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Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation

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Biomechanical Principles and Levers

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Anxiety

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Aggression

Topic overview Aggression and assertion Instinct and social learning theories of aggression Frustration-aggression and aggressive cue hypotheses

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Sport in Pre-Industrial and Industrial Britain

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Commercialisation and the Media

Topic overview What drives the commercialisation of sport Impacts of commercialisation Television, radio, press and internet coverage Positive and negative effects of the media Sport as a commodity and the golden triangle

Routes to Sporting Excellence

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Modern Technology in Sport

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Aggression

Aggression and assertion

3 things to know
Component 02

Overview

Aggression, assertion and hostile aggression, the legal tackle, the ice hockey strike and the fast bowler aiming at a batter's head, why assertion is encouraged, intent and the rules, and the causes and costs of aggression.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What is aggression in sport?

Key term

What is assertion in sport?

Key term

What is the key difference between aggression and assertion?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is aggression in sport?
Model answer
Aggression is behaviour intended to harm another person, outside the rules of the activity. Aggression can be physical or psychological.
2
What is assertion in sport?
Model answer
Assertion is forceful but controlled behaviour within the rules of the activity. Assertion involves no intent to harm, such as a hard but fair rugby tackle.
3
What is the key difference between aggression and assertion?
Model answer
Aggression is intended to harm and breaks the rules. Assertion is forceful and competitive but stays within the rules, with no intent to harm.
4
What is hostile aggression?
Model answer
Hostile aggression is harm caused as an end in itself, usually out of anger. A footballer who deliberately kicks an opponent after being fouled shows hostile aggression.
5
A rugby player makes a crunching tackle that is legal and timed to win the ball. Is this aggression or assertion?
Model answer
The tackle is assertion. The player used legal force to win the ball, with no intent to injure.
6
An ice hockey player strikes an opponent with his stick after the whistle. Is this aggression or assertion?
Model answer
The strike is aggression. The act is outside the rules and aimed at harming the opponent.

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Skeletal and Muscular Systems

The Cardiovascular System

The Respiratory System

Energy for Exercise

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The autocratic style is .

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ADoping can damage health and add to healthcare costs.

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