Memory Models

What Memory Models covers

Memory Models is examined in Component 02, Psychological factors affecting performance. It covers Atkinson and Shiffrin's multi-store model, selective attention and Craik and Lockhart's levels of processing.

The 3 subtopics

Each one has its own page.

• Atkinson and Shiffrin's multi-store modelThe short-term sensory store, short-term memory and long-term memory with their capacity and duration, rehearsal, retrieval and chunking, the batter facing a fast bowler, and strengths and criticisms of the model.Open →
• Selective attentionSelective attention in the multi-store model, reaction time, beginners and experts, how coaches improve it, arousal and the cue utilisation hypothesis, the goalkeeper facing a penalty, and what makes a cue stand out.Open →
• Craik and Lockhart's levels of processingShallow and deep processing, the structural, phonetic and semantic levels, understanding a skill's purpose, the hockey coach's explanation, imagery and stories, and comparison with the multi-store model.Open →

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Take Memory Models further

The same content, four other ways.

Commonly confused

Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.

• Short-term memory vs Long-term memory

  Short-term memory: a limited working store holding about seven items briefly. Long-term memory: a permanent store with unlimited capacity for learned motor programmes.

• Shallow processing vs Deep processing

  Shallow processing: attention only to surface features such as appearance. Deep processing: analysis of meaning that links information to existing knowledge.

• Maintenance rehearsal vs Elaborative rehearsal

  Maintenance rehearsal: simple repetition without adding any meaning. Elaborative rehearsal: repetition that links information to meaning and past experience.

Questions from this topic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   Who proposed the multi-store model of memory, and when?

   Model answer

   Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin proposed the multi-store model in 1968. The model describes memory as three separate stores linked by processes.

2. 2

   Name the three stores in the multi-store model.

   Model answer

   The three stores are the short-term sensory store, the short-term memory and the long-term memory.

3. 3

   What is the role of the short-term sensory store?

   Model answer

   The short-term sensory store receives all incoming information from the senses. Each sense has its own store, and most of the information held there is quickly lost.

4. 4

   What are the capacity and duration of the short-term sensory store?

   Model answer

   The short-term sensory store has a very large, almost unlimited capacity. Information is held only very briefly, for about a quarter of a second to one second.

5. 5

   What are the capacity and duration of the short-term memory?

   Model answer

   The short-term memory holds about seven items, plus or minus two. Information lasts up to about 30 seconds unless it is rehearsed.

6. 6

   Why is the short-term memory described as the working memory?

   Model answer

   The short-term memory is where current information is compared with stored memories to make decisions. A performer works out a response there before acting.

What is inside Levo

Six ways to work the same material.

Memory Models revision questions

What does Memory Models cover in OCR A-Level Physical Education?

3 subtopics: atkinson and shiffrin's multi-store model, selective attention and craik and lockhart's levels of processing. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.

How is Memory Models organised?

By the OCR H555 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.