Feedback is information a performer receives about their performance, during or after the skill. Feedback is used to correct errors and reinforce correct actions.

Which performers make most use of intrinsic feedback, and why?

Autonomous performers make most use of intrinsic feedback. An experienced performer has a well-developed kinaesthetic sense and knows how a correct movement should feel.

Why is intrinsic feedback of limited use to a beginner?

A beginner does not yet know how a correct movement feels. The beginner cannot judge whether a sensation signals success or error.

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of extrinsic feedback.

Extrinsic feedback gives a beginner information they cannot yet sense for themselves. A performer can become dependent on extrinsic feedback and fail to develop their own kinaesthetic awareness.

OCR A-Level Physical Education H555

Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Topic overview Shoulder, elbow and wrist joints and muscles Hip, knee and ankle joints and muscles Planes of movement, muscle roles and contractions Analysing movement in sporting actions Motor units and muscle fibre types

The Cardiovascular System

Topic overview Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output at rest The cardiac cycle and conduction system Cardiac responses to exercise and recovery The vascular shunt mechanism Venous return and heart rate regulation

The Respiratory System

Topic overview Breathing frequency, tidal volume and minute ventilation Mechanics of breathing at rest and in exercise Regulation of breathing Gas exchange at the alveoli and the muscles

Energy for Exercise

Topic overview ATP and coupled reactions The ATP-PC system The glycolytic system The aerobic system The energy continuum and intermittent exercise EPOC and the recovery process

Environmental Effects on Body Systems

Topic overview Altitude and oxygen delivery Acclimatisation and timing arrival at altitude Exercise in the heat and cardiovascular drift

Diet, Nutrition and Ergogenic Aids

Topic overview Components of a balanced diet Energy balance, meals and hydration Anabolic steroids, EPO and HGH Blood doping, intermittent hypoxic training and cooling aids Carbohydrate loading and supplements

Aerobic Training

Topic overview VO₂max and the factors that affect it Testing aerobic capacity Continuous training, HIIT and target heart rates Adaptations to aerobic training

Strength and Flexibility Training

Topic overview Types of strength and strength testing Strength training methods Adaptations to strength training Types of flexibility and flexibility testing Flexibility training methods and adaptations

Periodisation of Training

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Training and Lifestyle Diseases

Topic overview Atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease Heart attack and stroke Asthma and COPD

Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation

Topic overview Acute and chronic injuries Risk factors, warm-up and cool-down SALTAPS, PRICE and concussion Fractures, joint injuries and muscle damage Treatments for sporting injuries

Biomechanical Principles and Levers

Topic overview Newton's laws and force calculations Forces and free body diagrams Centre of mass and stability Levers and mechanical advantage Limb kinematics, force plates and wind tunnels

Linear and Angular Motion

Topic overview Linear motion, distance and displacement Speed, velocity and acceleration Graphs of linear motion Angular motion and the axes of rotation Moment of inertia and conservation of angular momentum

Fluid Mechanics and Projectile Motion

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Skill Classification, Practice and Transfer

Topic overview Classifying skills by difficulty, environment and pacing Classifying skills by muscular involvement, continuity and organisation Whole, part, whole-part-whole and progressive part practice Massed, distributed, fixed and varied practice Transfer of learning between skills

Theories and Stages of Learning

Topic overview Operant conditioning Cognitive theory and insight learning Bandura's observational learning Fitts and Posner's stages of learning

Guidance and Feedback

Topic overview Verbal and visual guidance Manual and mechanical guidance Intrinsic, extrinsic, positive and negative feedback Knowledge of performance and knowledge of results

Memory Models

Topic overview Atkinson and Shiffrin's multi-store model Selective attention Craik and Lockhart's levels of processing

Personality and Attitudes

Topic overview Trait theory of personality Social learning and interactionist perspectives Attitudes and the triadic model Persuasive communication and cognitive dissonance

Motivation and Arousal

Topic overview Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Rewards and motivation in coaching Arousal and drive theory Inverted-U and catastrophe theories

Anxiety

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Aggression

Topic overview Aggression and assertion Instinct and social learning theories of aggression Frustration-aggression and aggressive cue hypotheses

Social Facilitation and Group Dynamics

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Goal Setting

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Attribution

Topic overview Weiner's model: locus of causality and stability Controllability, self-serving bias and attribution retraining Learned helplessness and mastery orientation

Confidence and Self-Efficacy

Topic overview Sports confidence, self-efficacy and self-esteem Vealey's model of sports confidence Bandura's four sources of self-efficacy Building confidence in performers

Leadership

Topic overview Effective, emergent and prescribed leaders Autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire styles Trait, social learning and interactionist theories of leadership Chelladurai's multi-dimensional model

Stress Management

Topic overview Stress and stressors in sport Self-talk, thought stopping and rational thinking Mental rehearsal, imagery, goal setting and mindfulness Relaxation, biofeedback, centring and breathing control

Sport in Pre-Industrial and Industrial Britain

Topic overview Popular recreation in pre-industrial Britain Urbanisation, rational recreation and the railways Amateurism and professionalism in Victorian sport Public schools and the cult of athleticism

Sport in the 20th and 21st Centuries

Topic overview Amateurism and professionalism in the 20th century Social change and sport in 20th-century Britain Class, gender and access in 21st-century sport The globalisation of sport

The Olympic Games and Global Sporting Events

Topic overview Coubertin and the aims of the modern Olympics Berlin 1936 and Mexico City 1968 Munich 1972 and the Cold War boycotts Hosting a global sporting event

Drugs in Sport

Topic overview Legal supplements and illegal doping Why elite performers dope Consequences of doping for society, sport and performers Strategies against doping

Violence and Gambling in Sport

Topic overview Causes of player and spectator violence Implications of violence in sport Preventing violence among players and spectators Match fixing, bribery and illegal betting

Commercialisation and the Media

Topic overview What drives the commercialisation of sport Impacts of commercialisation Television, radio, press and internet coverage Positive and negative effects of the media Sport as a commodity and the golden triangle

Routes to Sporting Excellence

Topic overview From talent identification to elite performance Schools, clubs and universities in elite success UK Sport and the national institutes Drop-out from elite programmes

Modern Technology in Sport

Topic overview Technology and elite performance Technology and general participation Technology and fair outcomes Technology and entertainment

Guidance and Feedback

Intrinsic, extrinsic, positive and negative feedback

3 things to know
Component 02

Overview

Intrinsic and extrinsic feedback, positive feedback for beginners, negative feedback for autonomous performers and how to give it, concurrent and terminal feedback, and why extrinsic feedback is reduced over time.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Evaluation

What is extrinsic feedback, and what are its advantages and disadvantages?

Key term

What is feedback?

Key term

What is intrinsic feedback?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is feedback?
Model answer
Feedback is information a performer receives about their performance, during or after the skill. Feedback is used to correct errors and reinforce correct actions.
2
What is intrinsic feedback?
Model answer
Intrinsic feedback is information from within the performer, sensed by the proprioceptors as kinaesthesis. A basketball player can feel whether a free throw was released well.
3
Which performers make most use of intrinsic feedback, and why?
Model answer
Autonomous performers make most use of intrinsic feedback. An experienced performer has a well-developed kinaesthetic sense and knows how a correct movement should feel.
4
Why is intrinsic feedback of limited use to a beginner?
Model answer
A beginner does not yet know how a correct movement feels. The beginner cannot judge whether a sensation signals success or error.
5
What is extrinsic feedback?
Model answer
Extrinsic feedback is information from an outside source, such as a coach, teammate, video or scoreboard. Extrinsic feedback is usually received through sight and hearing.
6
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of extrinsic feedback.
Model answer
Extrinsic feedback gives a beginner information they cannot yet sense for themselves. A performer can become dependent on extrinsic feedback and fail to develop their own kinaesthetic awareness.

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Intrinsic, extrinsic, positive and negative feedback

Overview

What you need to know

What is extrinsic feedback, and what are its advantages and disadvantages?

What is feedback?

What is intrinsic feedback?

Questions from this subtopic

What is feedback?

What is intrinsic feedback?

Which performers make most use of intrinsic feedback, and why?

Why is intrinsic feedback of limited use to a beginner?

What is extrinsic feedback?

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of extrinsic feedback.

Other ways to work this

What is inside Levo

The 3-step method, run for you

Cram a whole paper in one sitting

Blank Blitz makes facts automatic

Build It gets the exam shape right

Test It catches misconceptions

Brain Breaks between sessions

Every question in Guidance and Feedback, on a schedule.