ATP is adenosine triphosphate, a molecule of adenosine joined to three phosphate groups. Energy is stored in the high-energy bonds between the phosphates.

Write the equation for the breakdown of ATP.

The breakdown is ATP → ADP + P + energy. The reaction is catalysed by ATPase.

How many phosphate groups does ADP contain?

ADP, adenosine diphosphate, contains two phosphate groups. ADP forms when ATP loses one phosphate.

Is the breakdown of ATP exothermic or endothermic?

The breakdown of ATP is exothermic because it releases energy.

OCR A-Level Physical Education H555

Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Topic overview Shoulder, elbow and wrist joints and muscles Hip, knee and ankle joints and muscles Planes of movement, muscle roles and contractions Analysing movement in sporting actions Motor units and muscle fibre types

The Cardiovascular System

Topic overview Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output at rest The cardiac cycle and conduction system Cardiac responses to exercise and recovery The vascular shunt mechanism Venous return and heart rate regulation

The Respiratory System

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Energy for Exercise

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Sport in Pre-Industrial and Industrial Britain

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Routes to Sporting Excellence

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Modern Technology in Sport

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Energy for Exercise

ATP and coupled reactions

3 things to know
Component 01

Overview

ATP as the energy currency, ATPase and the breakdown equation, ADP, exothermic breakdown and endothermic resynthesis, how long muscle ATP stores last, energetically coupled reactions and the three energy systems.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What is ATP?

Key term

Why is ATP described as the energy currency of the body?

Key term

What is the role of ATPase?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is ATP?
Model answer
ATP is adenosine triphosphate, a molecule of adenosine joined to three phosphate groups. Energy is stored in the high-energy bonds between the phosphates.
2
Why is ATP described as the energy currency of the body?
Model answer
ATP is the only molecule whose breakdown directly powers muscle contraction. Every other energy source must first be used to make ATP.
3
What is the role of ATPase?
Model answer
ATPase is the enzyme that breaks down ATP. ATPase splits off the end phosphate, releasing energy for muscle contraction.
4
Write the equation for the breakdown of ATP.
Model answer
The breakdown is ATP → ADP + P + energy. The reaction is catalysed by ATPase.
5
How many phosphate groups does ADP contain?
Model answer
ADP, adenosine diphosphate, contains two phosphate groups. ADP forms when ATP loses one phosphate.
6
Is the breakdown of ATP exothermic or endothermic?
Model answer
The breakdown of ATP is exothermic because it releases energy.

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Energy for Exercise

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