Key term
Eduqas A-Level Religious Studies A120QS
Christianity: Religious Figures and Sacred TextsChristianity
Christianity: Religious Concepts and Religious LifeChristianity
Christianity: Social and Historical Developments in Religious ThoughtChristianity
Christianity: Practices That Shape Religious IdentityChristianity
Islam: Religious Figures and Sacred TextsIslam
Islam: Religious Concepts and Religious LifeIslam
Islam: Social and Historical Developments in Religious ThoughtIslam
Islam: Practices That Shape Religious IdentityIslam
Judaism: Religious Figures and Sacred TextsJudaism
Judaism: Religious Concepts and Religious LifeJudaism
Judaism: Social and Historical Developments in Religious ThoughtJudaism
Judaism: Practices That Shape Religious IdentityJudaism
Buddhism: Religious Figures and Sacred TextsBuddhism
Buddhism: Religious Concepts and Religious LifeBuddhism
Buddhism: Social and Historical Developments in Religious ThoughtBuddhism
Buddhism: Practices That Shape Religious IdentityBuddhism
Hinduism: Religious Figures and Sacred TextsHinduism
Hinduism: Religious Concepts and Religious LifeHinduism
Topic overviewBrahman and atman: monism, dualism and the Vedanta schoolsThe Trimurti, cyclical time, Vaishnavism and ShaivismKarma, samsara and the goal of mokshaVarnashramadharma: the four varnas and four ashramasThe status of the Dalits: Gandhi, Ambedkar and afterAhimsa from Jain roots to Gandhi's satyagraha
Hinduism: Social and Historical Developments in Religious ThoughtHinduism
Hinduism: Practices That Shape Religious IdentityHinduism
Sikhism: Religious Figures and Sacred TextsSikhism
Topic overviewGuru Nanak's background and the influences on his teachingGuru Nanak's revelation, teachings and the community at KartarpurGuru Gobind Singh and the founding of the KhalsaThe Guru Granth Sahib as living GuruThe Mul Mantar and the Japji SahibGuru Arjan and the empire of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
Sikhism: Religious Concepts and Religious LifeSikhism
Sikhism: Social and Historical Developments in Religious ThoughtSikhism
Topic overviewKhalistan, persecution and the politics of the PunjabEquality of men and women in SikhismSikh attitudes to other faiths and interfaith dialogueSikhism, science and secularisationOrigins and development of the Sikh community in BritainMiri and piri, the kirpan and defending the oppressed
Sikhism: Practices That Shape Religious IdentitySikhism
Arguments for the Existence of God: Inductive
Arguments for the Existence of God: Deductive
The Problem of Evil and Suffering
Religious Belief as a Product of the Human Mind
Religious Experience
Topic overviewVisions and religious conversionMysticism, Teresa of Avila and the stages of prayerWilliam James's four marks and Otto's numinousChallenges to the authenticity of religious experienceThe value of religious experience for the individual and the communityDefining miracles and the Hume–Swinburne debate
Religious Language
Ethical Thought
Deontological Ethics
Topic overviewAquinas's four levels of law and the primary preceptsVirtues, goods and the moral act in AquinasNatural law applied: abortion and voluntary euthanasiaFinnis, the basic goods and practical reasonablenessHoose and the proportionalist debateFinnis and proportionalism applied: immigration and capital punishment
Teleological Ethics
Topic overviewFletcher's rejection of legalism and antinomianismThe working principles and the six propositionsSituation ethics applied: homosexual and polyamorous relationshipsBentham, utility and the hedonic calculusMill: higher pleasures, the harm principle and rulesUtilitarianism applied: animal experimentation and nuclear deterrence
Determinism
Sikhism: Religious Concepts and Religious Life
The Sikh concept of God: Ik Onkar, nirguna and saguna
- 3 things to know
- Component 1
Overview
Most basic Sikh claim about God, calling God nirguṇa and calling God saguṇa.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What is the most basic Sikh claim about God?
Key term
What does the symbol Ik Oaṅkār represent?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the most basic Sikh claim about God?
Model answer
Sikhs affirm that God is one, the only one, and one without a second. God has no partner, and no other being shares in the divine nature.
- 2
What does the symbol Ik Oaṅkār represent?
Model answer
Ik Oaṅkār joins the numeral one to Oaṅkār, the divine sound and being. Unity and universal presence are asserted together in a single symbol.
- 3
What does Guru Nanak's composition at Ādi Granth 929 teach?
Model answer
The Dakhaṇī Oaṅkār begins at Ādi Granth 929 with the word Oaṅkār. Creation, scripture and consciousness are all traced there to the one being.
- 4
What do Guru Nanak's hymns at Ādi Granth 1035-1037 describe?
Model answer
The Māru hymns describe countless ages of darkness before anything existed. God alone was present, and creation began when God willed it.
- 5
What is meant by calling God nirguṇa?
Model answer
Nirguṇa means God as unmanifest, without attributes, form or qualities. Human language cannot capture God in that aspect.
- 6
What is meant by calling God saguṇa?
Model answer
Saguṇa means God as manifest in creation and knowable through its qualities. Sikhs hold that God still takes no bodily form.
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