Balance is the ability to keep the body's centre of mass over its base of support. A performer with good balance stays stable and in control.

Which senses does the body use to control balance?

Balance relies on the inner ear, vision and proprioceptors in muscles and joints. The brain combines these signals and adjusts muscle tension to stay upright.

Why is balance critical for a gymnast on the beam?

The beam is only 10 cm wide, so the centre of mass must stay over a very narrow base. A small error leads to a wobble, a deduction or a fall.

Agility is the ability to change direction quickly while keeping control of the body. Agility draws on speed, balance, power and co-ordination together.

CCEA A-Level Sports Science and the Active Leisure Industry 7210

Components of Fitness

Topic overview Aerobic, anaerobic and specific endurance General strength, specific strength and muscular endurance Speed, power and reaction time Flexibility and body composition Balance, agility and co-ordination

Training Methods

Topic overview Principles of training: SPORT and FITT Goal setting and SMARTER targets for training Periodisation and training cycles The ATP-PC, lactic acid and aerobic energy systems Continuous, fartlek, interval and speed training Circuit, resistance, SAQ, core stability and stretching

Fitness Testing

Topic overview Purpose, protocol, validity and reliability of tests Choosing tests: maximal, sub-maximal and technology Tests of aerobic endurance Tests of strength, muscular endurance and power Speed, agility, flexibility, balance, co-ordination and reaction tests Supervising, recording and evaluating test results

Fitness Programmes and Exercise Sessions

Topic overview Assessing a client and designing a programme Heart rate training zones and the Karvonen method Resistance loads, work to recovery ratios and the Borg scale Planning and leading circuits, exercise to music and spinning Instructing, motivating and observing participants Evaluating a session or programme

Safety and Risk Assessment in Training

Topic overview Safe practice during fitness tests and training Training equipment, clothing and risk assessment First aid, medical emergencies and concussion Common sports injuries and their treatment

The Active Leisure Industry

Topic overview Leisure, leisure time and the leisure industry The five subsectors of active leisure Public funding of active leisure Commercial funding of active leisure

Lifestyle and Health

Topic overview Health, fitness and health-related exercise Benefits of an active lifestyle Legal and illegal substances Weight, age and the effects of ageing Preventing hypokinetic disease Stress, work-life balance and life coaches Lifestyle analysis and research methods

Nutrition for Health and Exercise

Topic overview Nutrients, their sources and functions A balanced diet and hydration Energy balance, BMI and body composition Diet, health and food handling Nutrition strategies for weight change and different sports

Enhancing Fitness

Topic overview Improving aerobic and anaerobic endurance Improving muscular endurance, strength and power Improving speed, agility and reaction time Improving flexibility and body composition Improving balance, co-ordination and skill fitness

Safety in the Active Leisure Industry

Topic overview Technique, progression, rest and recovery PAR-Q, warm-up, cool-down and contraindicated exercises Equipment, lifting, clothing, footwear and facilities Rules, regulations and risk assessment in leisure settings

Barriers to Participation

Topic overview Cost, time, location, disability and ability as barriers Gender, ethnicity, age and family as barriers Stereotyping and equal opportunity Reducing barriers and widening participation

Health of the Nation

Topic overview Lifestyle factors and life expectancy The impact of lifestyle disease on society Exercise referral, 5 A Day, smoking bans and healthy schools Alcohol, weight management and current initiatives Comparing health across European countries

Components of the Leisure Industry

Topic overview Sport and recreation Entertainment, the arts and heritage Hospitality and tourism Sectors, growth and employment in the leisure industry

Planning an Active Leisure Event

Topic overview Choosing an active leisure event Event roles and responsibilities Aims, SMARTER targets and customers Marketing an event Event finance and physical resources Target setting, timescales and organisation Risk assessment and contingency planning

Teamwork and Running an Event

Topic overview Fulfilling team roles and solving problems Communication, meetings and minutes Team building and team interaction Carrying out tasks on the day of an event

Evaluating an Active Leisure Event

Topic overview Gathering feedback on an event Judging an event against its aims and targets Evaluating individual and team performance Self-evaluation and recommendations

The Respiratory System

Topic overview Structure of the airways and lungs Mechanics of inspiration and expiration Lung volumes and capacities Gaseous exchange at the alveoli and muscles Altitude training for endurance athletes

The Cardiovascular System

Topic overview Haemoglobin, myoglobin and oxygen transport Blood gases, lactic acid and pH in exercise Structure of the heart and its conduction system Blood vessels, blood pressure and vascular control Stroke volume, cardiac output and the trained heart The cardiac cycle and control of heart rate

The Skeletal System

Topic overview Structure and functions of the skeleton Synovial joint structure and types Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction Joint actions of the ankle, forearm and shoulder girdle

The Muscular System

Topic overview Muscle tissue and muscle roles Major muscles used in sporting movements Muscle fibre types and sporting activity Motor units, summation and the all-or-none law Concentric, eccentric and isometric contraction

Effects of Exercise on Body Systems

Topic overview Short-term cardiovascular responses to exercise Long-term cardiovascular adaptations to training Respiratory responses and adaptations Skeletal and muscular responses and adaptations

Ethics in Sports Performance

Topic overview Legal and illegal drugs in sport Implications of drug taking for athletes and sport Technology in sports clothing and equipment Anti-doping strategies of governing bodies

Skill Acquisition

Topic overview Skill, ability and learning Cognitive, perceptual, motor and psychomotor skills Open, closed, self-paced and externally paced skills Discrete, serial, continuous, gross and fine skills

Learning and Performance

Topic overview Fitts and Posner's stages of learning Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Transfer of learning Command, reciprocal, discovery and problem-solving teaching styles Learning plateaus and performance curves

Components of Fitness

Balance, agility and co-ordination

3 things to know
AS 1

Overview

Static and dynamic balance, stability and the senses behind balance, agility against speed, co-ordination and hand-eye co-ordination, and a tennis player's skill-related needs.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What is balance?

Key term

What is the difference between static and dynamic balance?

Key term

How can a performer become more stable?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is balance?
Model answer
Balance is the ability to keep the body's centre of mass over its base of support. A performer with good balance stays stable and in control.
2
What is the difference between static and dynamic balance?
Model answer
Static balance is holding a stationary position, such as a handstand. Dynamic balance is staying stable while moving, such as a surfer riding a wave.
3
How can a performer become more stable?
Model answer
Lowering the centre of mass and widening the base of support increases stability. A rugby player crouches with the feet apart before contact.
4
Which senses does the body use to control balance?
Model answer
Balance relies on the inner ear, vision and proprioceptors in muscles and joints. The brain combines these signals and adjusts muscle tension to stay upright.
5
Why is balance critical for a gymnast on the beam?
Model answer
The beam is only 10 cm wide, so the centre of mass must stay over a very narrow base. A small error leads to a wobble, a deduction or a fall.
6
What is agility?
Model answer
Agility is the ability to change direction quickly while keeping control of the body. Agility draws on speed, balance, power and co-ordination together.

See the rest and revise

Other ways to work this

The same content, four other ways.

What is inside Levo

Six ways to work the same material.

1Closed book

2Open book

3Closed book

The 3-step method, run for you

Answer cold, learn it, then prove it stuck. Levo tracks the jump between your first attempt and your last.

Components of Fitness

Training Methods

Fitness Testing

Fitness Programmes and Exercise Sessions

Cram a whole paper in one sitting

Sort every topic into what you know and what you do not, then drill only the weak ones.

The change is called cardiac .

hypertrophyfailureoutput

Blank Blitz makes facts automatic

Rapid timed gap-fills on the terms and numbers you need to recall without thinking.

AThe target heart rate is about 168 bpm.

BMaximum heart rate is 220 − 18 = 202 bpm.

CThe working is 0.75 × (202 − 65) + 65 = 167.75 bpm.

Build It gets the exam shape right

Assemble a full-mark answer from its marking points, in the order an examiner wants them.

Inspiration means breathing air into the lungs.

TrueFalse

Test It catches misconceptions

Spot the fault in a statement. The traps are the mistakes students actually make.

721941163128510

Brain Breaks between sessions

Short focus games to reset attention, so the next set lands better than the last.

Every question in Components of Fitness, on a schedule.

Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.

Start revising, £5 a month See how the method works

Or £46 a year, about £3.83 a month. Cancel anytime.

Balance, agility and co-ordination

Overview

What you need to know

What is balance?

What is the difference between static and dynamic balance?

How can a performer become more stable?

Questions from this subtopic

What is balance?

What is the difference between static and dynamic balance?

How can a performer become more stable?

Which senses does the body use to control balance?

Why is balance critical for a gymnast on the beam?

What is agility?

Other ways to work this

What is inside Levo

The 3-step method, run for you

Cram a whole paper in one sitting

Blank Blitz makes facts automatic

Build It gets the exam shape right

Test It catches misconceptions

Brain Breaks between sessions

Every question in Components of Fitness, on a schedule.