Key term
CCEA A-Level Sports Science and the Active Leisure Industry 7210
Components of Fitness
Training Methods
Fitness Testing
Topic overviewPurpose, protocol, validity and reliability of testsChoosing tests: maximal, sub-maximal and technologyTests of aerobic enduranceTests of strength, muscular endurance and powerSpeed, agility, flexibility, balance, co-ordination and reaction testsSupervising, recording and evaluating test results
Fitness Programmes and Exercise Sessions
Topic overviewAssessing a client and designing a programmeHeart rate training zones and the Karvonen methodResistance loads, work to recovery ratios and the Borg scalePlanning and leading circuits, exercise to music and spinningInstructing, motivating and observing participantsEvaluating a session or programme
Safety and Risk Assessment in Training
The Active Leisure Industry
Lifestyle and Health
Nutrition for Health and Exercise
Enhancing Fitness
Safety in the Active Leisure Industry
Barriers to Participation
Health of the Nation
Components of the Leisure Industry
Planning an Active Leisure Event
Teamwork and Running an Event
Evaluating an Active Leisure Event
The Respiratory System
The Cardiovascular System
The Skeletal System
The Muscular System
Effects of Exercise on Body Systems
Ethics in Sports Performance
Skill Acquisition
Effects of Exercise on Body Systems
Short-term cardiovascular responses to exercise
- 3 things to know
- A2 2
Overview
Heart rate, the anticipatory rise, stroke volume and cardiac output with a calculation, redistribution of blood, vasodilation and vasoconstriction, skin blood flow, blood pressure and recovery.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
How does an immediate response to exercise differ from a long-term adaptation?
Key term
How does heart rate respond during exercise?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How does an immediate response to exercise differ from a long-term adaptation?
Model answer
A short-term response is an immediate change during or just after exercise, such as a faster heart rate. A long-term adaptation is a lasting change built up by regular training.
- 2
How does heart rate respond during exercise?
Model answer
Heart rate rises quickly, often just before exercise starts in anticipation. The rise increases blood flow to the working muscles.
- 3
What is the anticipatory rise in heart rate?
Model answer
The anticipatory rise is an increase in heart rate before exercise begins. Adrenaline released in expectation of activity causes it.
- 4
How does stroke volume respond during exercise?
Model answer
Stroke volume increases because more blood returns to the heart and the heart contracts more forcefully. More blood is pumped with each beat.
- 5
How does cardiac output respond during exercise?
Model answer
Cardiac output rises because both heart rate and stroke volume increase. Cardiac output can rise several times above its resting value.
- 6
During exercise a performer's heart rate is 150 beats per minute and stroke volume is 110 ml. What is the cardiac output?
Model answer
The cardiac output is 16.5 litres per minute. The working is 150 × 110 = 16,500 ml, which is 16.5 litres.
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