Key term
CCEA A-Level Sports Science and the Active Leisure Industry 7210
Components of Fitness
Training Methods
Fitness Testing
Topic overviewPurpose, protocol, validity and reliability of testsChoosing tests: maximal, sub-maximal and technologyTests of aerobic enduranceTests of strength, muscular endurance and powerSpeed, agility, flexibility, balance, co-ordination and reaction testsSupervising, recording and evaluating test results
Fitness Programmes and Exercise Sessions
Topic overviewAssessing a client and designing a programmeHeart rate training zones and the Karvonen methodResistance loads, work to recovery ratios and the Borg scalePlanning and leading circuits, exercise to music and spinningInstructing, motivating and observing participantsEvaluating a session or programme
Safety and Risk Assessment in Training
The Active Leisure Industry
Lifestyle and Health
Nutrition for Health and Exercise
Enhancing Fitness
Safety in the Active Leisure Industry
Barriers to Participation
Health of the Nation
Components of the Leisure Industry
Planning an Active Leisure Event
Teamwork and Running an Event
Evaluating an Active Leisure Event
The Respiratory System
The Cardiovascular System
The Skeletal System
The Muscular System
Effects of Exercise on Body Systems
Ethics in Sports Performance
Skill Acquisition
Effects of Exercise on Body Systems
- 4 subtopics
- 12 things to know
- A2 2
What Effects of Exercise on Body Systems covers
Effects of Exercise on Body Systems is examined in Unit A2 2, The Application of Science to Sports Performance. It covers short-term cardiovascular responses to exercise, long-term cardiovascular adaptations to training, respiratory responses and adaptations and skeletal and muscular responses and adaptations.
Where it is assessed
A2 2
The Application of Science to Sports Performance — a written examination.
Check the CCEA specification ↗The 4 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Short-term cardiovascular responses to exerciseHeart rate, the anticipatory rise, stroke volume and cardiac output with a calculation, redistribution of blood, vasodilation and vasoconstriction, skin blood flow, blood pressure and recovery.Open →
- Long-term cardiovascular adaptations to trainingHeart size, resting stroke volume, bradycardia, resting and maximal cardiac output, capillarisation, VO2 max, blood volume, and the benefits and timescale of adaptation.Open →
- Respiratory responses and adaptationsBreathing rate and depth in exercise, gas exchange, minute ventilation with a calculation, the respiratory muscles and their training, EPOC, breathing after a sprint and vital capacity.Open →
- Skeletal and muscular responses and adaptationsJoints in exercise and warm-ups, bone strengthening, tendons, muscle metabolism, fibre recruitment in sprinting and endurance, hypertrophy, force production and losing adaptations.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
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What are vasodilation and vasoconstriction, and how does each redirect blood during exercise?
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How does breathing respond to exercise?
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How do joints respond during exercise?
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How does an immediate response to exercise differ from a long-term adaptation?
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How does regular aerobic training change heart size?
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Why do breathing rate and depth increase during exercise?
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Why does warming up improve joint mobilisation?
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How does heart rate respond during exercise?
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How does training change resting stroke volume?
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How does gas exchange change during exercise?
Evaluation
How does regular weight-bearing exercise strengthen bones?
Take Effects of Exercise on Body Systems further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Vasodilation vs Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation: widening of blood vessels to increase flow. Vasoconstriction: narrowing of blood vessels to reduce flow.
Short-term response vs Long-term adaptation
Short-term response: an immediate change during or just after activity. Long-term adaptation: a lasting change built up over weeks of regular training.
Stroke volume vs Cardiac output
Stroke volume: the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one beat. Cardiac output: the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How does an immediate response to exercise differ from a long-term adaptation?
Model answer
A short-term response is an immediate change during or just after exercise, such as a faster heart rate. A long-term adaptation is a lasting change built up by regular training.
- 2
How does heart rate respond during exercise?
Model answer
Heart rate rises quickly, often just before exercise starts in anticipation. The rise increases blood flow to the working muscles.
- 3
What is the anticipatory rise in heart rate?
Model answer
The anticipatory rise is an increase in heart rate before exercise begins. Adrenaline released in expectation of activity causes it.
- 4
How does stroke volume respond during exercise?
Model answer
Stroke volume increases because more blood returns to the heart and the heart contracts more forcefully. More blood is pumped with each beat.
- 5
How does cardiac output respond during exercise?
Model answer
Cardiac output rises because both heart rate and stroke volume increase. Cardiac output can rise several times above its resting value.
- 6
During exercise a performer's heart rate is 150 beats per minute and stroke volume is 110 ml. What is the cardiac output?
Model answer
The cardiac output is 16.5 litres per minute. The working is 150 × 110 = 16,500 ml, which is 16.5 litres.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Effects of Exercise on Body Systems revision questions
- What does Effects of Exercise on Body Systems cover in CCEA A-Level Sports Science and the Active Leisure Industry?
- 4 subtopics: short-term cardiovascular responses to exercise, long-term cardiovascular adaptations to training, respiratory responses and adaptations and skeletal and muscular responses and adaptations. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Effects of Exercise on Body Systems organised?
- By the CCEA 7210 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Effects of Exercise on Body Systems, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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