Major muscles used in sporting movements

Overview

Biceps, triceps, deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, trapezius, the abdominals, erector spinae, gluteals, hip flexors, quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   Which muscles flex and extend the elbow?

   Model answer

   The biceps brachii flexes the elbow. The triceps brachii extends the elbow, as in the push of a chest pass.

2. 2

   What is the main action of the deltoid, and when is it used in sport?

   Model answer

   The deltoid abducts the arm at the shoulder. A swimmer uses the deltoid to lift the arm clear of the water in front crawl.

3. 3

   What is the action of the pectoralis major?

   Model answer

   The pectoralis major adducts the arm and draws it across the chest. The pectoralis major drives the bar upwards in a bench press.

4. 4

   What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

   Model answer

   The latissimus dorsi extends and adducts the arm at the shoulder. A rower uses the latissimus dorsi to pull the oar handle towards the body.

5. 5

   What is the action of the trapezius?

   Model answer

   The trapezius elevates and draws back the shoulder girdle. The trapezius also stabilises the scapula when the arms work overhead.

6. 6

   Which muscles flex and rotate the trunk?

   Model answer

   The rectus abdominis flexes the trunk, as in a sit-up. The obliques rotate and bend the trunk sideways, as in a golf swing.

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