Joint actions of the ankle, forearm and shoulder girdle

Overview

Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion, pronation and supination, inversion and eversion, elevation and depression of the shoulder girdle, and analysing sprinting, chest passes and vertical jumps.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   What is plantar flexion?

   Model answer

   Plantar flexion is pointing the toes away from the shin, which increases the angle at the ankle. Plantar flexion takes place at the ankle joint.

2. 2

   Give two sporting examples of plantar flexion.

   Model answer

   A high jumper plantar flexes the ankle to drive upwards at take-off. A sprinter plantar flexes the ankle at each push-off from the track.

3. 3

   What is dorsiflexion?

   Model answer

   Dorsiflexion is pulling the toes up towards the shin, which decreases the angle at the ankle. Dorsiflexion is the opposite movement to plantar flexion.

4. 4

   Give a sporting example of dorsiflexion.

   Model answer

   The ankles dorsiflex as a weightlifter lowers into a squat. A sprinter's recovery leg also dorsiflexes to lift the toes clear of the track.

5. 5

   At which joint do pronation and supination take place?

   Model answer

   Pronation and supination take place at the radio-ulnar joint of the forearm. The radius rotates around the ulna to turn the palm.

6. 6

   What is pronation, and when does a tennis player use it?

   Model answer

   Pronation is rotating the forearm so the palm faces downwards. A tennis player pronates the forearm when hitting a topspin forehand.

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