How was British India governed before 1858?

By the East India Company, headed by a Governor-General, ruling through its own administration and army, with Bengal as its power base.

Why did the British retain control of India, and with what constitutional result?

Superior resources, reinforcements, loyal Indian troops and rebel disunity secured victory; in 1858 the Crown took over direct rule from the Company.

How did the East India Company acquire territorial power?

Through Clive's victory at Plassey in 1757 and the grant of the diwani of Bengal in 1765, which made a trading company the revenue administration of a province.

What was the significance of Bengal?

Its revenues funded the Company's armies and its purchases, so control of Bengal turned the Company from a trader into a territorial power.

How did Parliament control the Company?

Through the Regulating Act of 1773 and Pitt's India Act of 1784, which created a Board of Control and a Governor General answerable in London.

Edexcel A-Level History 9HI0

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Britain: Losing and Gaining an Empire, 1763–1914

The East India Company and the Governor General

3 things to know
Paper 3

Overview

Recall questions on Plassey and the diwani of Bengal, parliamentary control, the size of the Company Army, subsidiary alliance, and the transfer to the crown in 1858.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What was the Company Army?

Key term

How large was the Company Army?

Key term

What was subsidiary alliance?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
How was British India governed before 1858?
Model answer
By the East India Company, headed by a Governor-General, ruling through its own administration and army, with Bengal as its power base.
2
What was the Company Army?
Model answer
The East India Company's army, largely composed of Indian sepoys led by British officers.
3
Why did the British retain control of India, and with what constitutional result?
Model answer
Superior resources, reinforcements, loyal Indian troops and rebel disunity secured victory; in 1858 the Crown took over direct rule from the Company.
4
How did the East India Company acquire territorial power?
Model answer
Through Clive's victory at Plassey in 1757 and the grant of the diwani of Bengal in 1765, which made a trading company the revenue administration of a province.
5
What was the significance of Bengal?
Model answer
Its revenues funded the Company's armies and its purchases, so control of Bengal turned the Company from a trader into a territorial power.
6
How did Parliament control the Company?
Model answer
Through the Regulating Act of 1773 and Pitt's India Act of 1784, which created a Board of Control and a Governor General answerable in London.

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