What was the significance of the Comuneros' defeat?

It ended urban resistance to royal authority in Castile, subordinated the Cortes, and left the crown able to tax the towns without effective challenge.

How did Charles change his behaviour after 1522?

He returned to Spain and stayed for seven years, learned Castilian, appointed Spaniards to office and married Isabella of Portugal, which reconciled Castile to him.

What was Charles V's general pardon of 1522?

An amnesty for the comuneros proclaimed at Valladolid in November 1522, which excluded 293 named rebels, relatively few of whom were actually executed.

How did the Germanías differ from the Comuneros?

It was a social rising of artisans against nobles rather than a constitutional movement of towns, and its suppression strengthened the Valencian aristocracy.

Edexcel A-Level History 9HI0

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Topic overview The Tudor monarchs The changing role of parliament The principal servants of the crown Tudor monarchs and religious change Catholicism and its survival Protestantism and puritanism Tudor control of the country The state and the poor Resistance to Tudor rule Patterns of domestic and foreign trade The changing structure of society Cultural change Threats to national security from Spain and Ireland Faction at court and the succession issue Conflicts with parliament and the session of 1601 Harvest failures and social distress in the 1590s

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England and the Angevin Empire in the Reign of Henry II, 1154–89Paper 2

Topic overview England and the Angevin Empire in 1154 Henry II and the nobility Wales, Scotland and Ireland The Angevin lands in France Central institutions Financial reforms Legal reforms The changing nature of kingship Henry’s problems with the church Becket and the king, 1162–64 The failure to compromise, 1169–70 The settlements between king and church, 1172–74 Power and family rivalries Causes of the Great Rebellion of 1173–74 The defeat of the Great Rebellion Philip Augustus and the collapse of Henry's power, 1180-89

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Topic overview The ancien régime and its challenges in 1774 Problems facing France in the 1780s The failings of Louis XVI and his ministers The onset of revolution 1789 Attempts to create a constitution, 1789–91 The political environment, 1789–93 Breakdown of relations with the king, 1791–92 The revolution radicalised, 1792–93 Preconditions for ‘terror’Organising the Terror The Great Terror 1794 The coup of Thermidor Problems facing the Directory The work of the Directory Dealing with internal and external threats The coup de Brumaire 1799

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South Africa, 1948–94: From Apartheid State to ‘Rainbow Nation’Paper 2

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Topic overview Urbanisation and affluence Cultural conformity and challenge The civil rights movement Kennedy’s New Frontier Civil rights: Malcolm X and Black Power Protest and personal freedom Johnson’s Great Society, 1964–68 Reactions to the counter-culture, 1968–72 The crisis of political leadership The impact of economic change on society Changing popular culture Progress in individual and civil rights New directions in economic policy The Religious Right and its critics Cultural challenge Social change in the USA, 1955-92

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Rebellion and Disorder Under the Tudors, 1485–1603Paper 3

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The Golden Age of Spain, 1474–1598Paper 3

Topic overview Spanish power in Italy and the Mediterranean Extending influence to the north and west, 1474–1598 The Spanish army and navy, 1474-1598 The changing nature and extent of financial resources, 1474–1598 Jews and conversos in fifteenth-century Spain The foundation of the Inquisition, 1478-80 The expulsion of the Jews in 1492 Charles von Habsburg's accession in 1516 The revolt of the Comuneros The impact and significance of the revolt The extent of inflation and contemporary comment Gold and silver imports and the debate on inflation Population growth and the social impact of the price revolution The drive for orthodoxy under Philip II Reasons for the Great Rebellion of 1568 The Granada rebellion and its repression The Kingdom of Aragon and royal authority The Pérez affair and the revolt in Zaragoza, 1590–92 Consequences of the revolt for royal power in Aragon

The Witch Craze in Britain, Europe and North America, c1580–c1750Paper 3

Industrialisation and Social Change in Britain, 1759–1928: Forging a New SocietyPaper 3

Poverty, Public Health and the State in Britain, c1780–1939Paper 3

Britain: Losing and Gaining an Empire, 1763–1914Paper 3

The British Experience of Warfare, c1790–1918Paper 3

Protest, Agitation and Parliamentary Reform in Britain, c1780–1928Paper 3

Ireland and the Union, c1774–1923Paper 3

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The Changing Nature of Warfare, 1859–1991: Perception and RealityPaper 3

Germany, 1871–1990: United, Divided and ReunitedPaper 3

The Making of Modern Russia, 1855–1991Paper 3

The Making of Modern China, 1860–1997Paper 3

Topic overview Improved communications and the application of western technologies, 1860–1997 The growth of mining and manufacturing, 1860–1997 Ideas and ideologies promoting change, 1860-1997 The roles of individuals in promoting economic growth, 1860–1997 The Treaty of Tianjin, 1860 Treaty ports and the significance of growing foreign trade Foreign language schools and missionaries The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95 The Triple Intervention and new concessions The Boxer Rebellion, 1898-1900 The Manchurian Crisis of 1931-33 Reasons for all-out war in 1937 The impact of war, 1937-39, and the role of the USA Russian demands and the Khrushchev-Mao clash Mao's growing fears of the Soviet Union Military confrontation in 1969 China's growing importance in world organisations Closer cooperation with Japan and the USA The peaceful return of Hong Kong, 1997

Civil Rights and Race Relations in the USA, 1850–2009Paper 3

Mass Media and Social Change in Britain, 1882–2004Paper 3

The Golden Age of Spain, 1474–1598

The impact and significance of the revolt

3 things to know
Paper 3

Overview

Recall questions on the subordination of the Cortes, how Charles changed after 1522, the alliance with the nobility, the Germanias, and how historians read the revolt.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What separate revolt broke out in Valencia at the same time?

Who and when

How did relations with the nobility develop?

Key term

How secure was Charles's position in Spain after 1522?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What separate revolt broke out in Valencia at the same time?
Model answer
The Germanías (revolt of the brotherhoods).
2
What was the significance of the Comuneros' defeat?
Model answer
It ended urban resistance to royal authority in Castile, subordinated the Cortes, and left the crown able to tax the towns without effective challenge.
3
How did Charles change his behaviour after 1522?
Model answer
He returned to Spain and stayed for seven years, learned Castilian, appointed Spaniards to office and married Isabella of Portugal, which reconciled Castile to him.
4
How did relations with the nobility develop?
Model answer
The nobles had saved the crown in 1521, and Charles rewarded them with honours and exemptions, cementing an alliance that lasted the rest of the century.
5
What was Charles V's general pardon of 1522?
Model answer
An amnesty for the comuneros proclaimed at Valladolid in November 1522, which excluded 293 named rebels, relatively few of whom were actually executed.
6
How did the Germanías differ from the Comuneros?
Model answer
It was a social rising of artisans against nobles rather than a constitutional movement of towns, and its suppression strengthened the Valencian aristocracy.

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