Who led opposition to the new Poor Law and how?

Richard Oastler and John Fielden led a strong Anti-Poor Law movement, especially in the north, with mass protests and propaganda against the workhouse system.

Where was opposition strongest?

In the industrial north, especially the West Riding and south Lancashire, where the workhouse test made no sense during trade depressions.

What was the Anti-Poor Law movement?

The northern campaign of 1837-39 combining Tory paternalists, radicals and working men, whose meetings drew tens of thousands.

Edexcel A-Level History 9HI0

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England and the Angevin Empire in the Reign of Henry II, 1154–89Paper 2

Topic overview England and the Angevin Empire in 1154 Henry II and the nobility Wales, Scotland and Ireland The Angevin lands in France Central institutions Financial reforms Legal reforms The changing nature of kingship Henry’s problems with the church Becket and the king, 1162–64 The failure to compromise, 1169–70 The settlements between king and church, 1172–74 Power and family rivalries Causes of the Great Rebellion of 1173–74 The defeat of the Great Rebellion Philip Augustus and the collapse of Henry's power, 1180-89

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Topic overview The ancien régime and its challenges in 1774 Problems facing France in the 1780s The failings of Louis XVI and his ministers The onset of revolution 1789 Attempts to create a constitution, 1789–91 The political environment, 1789–93 Breakdown of relations with the king, 1791–92 The revolution radicalised, 1792–93 Preconditions for ‘terror’Organising the Terror The Great Terror 1794 The coup of Thermidor Problems facing the Directory The work of the Directory Dealing with internal and external threats The coup de Brumaire 1799

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The Unification of Italy, c1830–70Paper 2

Topic overview Challenges to the restored order, 1830–1847 Nationalist influences, 1830–47 Revolutions of 1848–49 Reasons for the failure of the revolutions Legacy of the 1848–49 revolutions Political developments in Piedmont Economic developments in Piedmont Developments in diplomacy Causes of the Second Italian War of Independence Impact of war with Austria, 1859–60 Garibaldi’s takeover of the south in 1860 The north and south unite, 1860–61 Obstacles to unity after 1861 Solving the ‘Venetian question’, 1861–66 Solving the problem of Rome, 1861–70 Unity in 1870

The Unification of Germany, c1840–71Paper 2

Topic overview The political situation in the 1840s Economic and social developments in the 1840s Short-term causes of revolution, 1846–48 Outbreak of revolution in 1848 The Frankfurt Parliament, 1848–49 Revolution in Prussia, 1848–49 Reasons for the failure of the revolutions The political impact of the German revolutions Austrian strengths and weaknesses Economic developments in Prussia Political developments in Prussia Prussia’s victory over Austria, 1862–1866 Prussia’s role in Germany, 1866–67 Prussia’s relations with France, 1866–70 The Franco-Prussian War and the German Empire Reasons for Prussia's success

Mao’s China, 1949–76Paper 2

Topic overview China in 1949 The new power structure Defeating the CCP’s opponents China and the Korean War Early changes in agriculture, 1949–57 The communes and their organisation The First Five-Year Plan, 1952–56 The Great Leap Forward, 1958-62 Mao’s reasons for launching the Cultural Revolution The Red Guards and Red Terror Attacks on Mao’s political and class enemies Winding down the Cultural Revolution, 1968–76 The changing status of women Education and health provision Cultural change Religion under Mao

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Topic overview India in 1914 India and the First World War Effects of war on British rule The growth of nationalism Gandhi and civil disobedience, 1920–22 Congress reorganised, 1922–30 The Muslim League British response Failure of the Round Table Conferences, 1930–32 Political developments, 1932–35 Government of India Act and its impact, 1935–39 Reaction to outbreak of the Second World War Impact of the Second World War on Indian politics Britain and India, 1942-45 Attempts at political settlement, 1945–46 Withdrawal, partition and independence, 1947–48

South Africa, 1948–94: From Apartheid State to ‘Rainbow Nation’Paper 2

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The Rise and Fall of Fascism in Italy, c1911–46Paper 2

Topic overview Italy in the early twentieth century Giolitti’s government in 1911 Growing instability, 1912–14 Impact of the First World War Challenges to the Liberal State Mussolini and the development of fascism, 1919–22 Mussolini gains power, 1920–22 The creation of a fascist dictatorship, 1922–26 Consent and control Relationship with political and economic interests Economic policies Relationship with the Catholic Church Italy’s international standing in 1935 Foreign policy, 1935–40 Impact of the Second World War, 1940–43 Democracy restored, 1943–46

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The Witch Craze in Britain, Europe and North America, c1580–c1750Paper 3

Industrialisation and Social Change in Britain, 1759–1928: Forging a New SocietyPaper 3

Poverty, Public Health and the State in Britain, c1780–1939Paper 3

Britain: Losing and Gaining an Empire, 1763–1914Paper 3

The British Experience of Warfare, c1790–1918Paper 3

Protest, Agitation and Parliamentary Reform in Britain, c1780–1928Paper 3

Ireland and the Union, c1774–1923Paper 3

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The Making of Modern China, 1860–1997Paper 3

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Civil Rights and Race Relations in the USA, 1850–2009Paper 3

Mass Media and Social Change in Britain, 1882–2004Paper 3

Poverty, Public Health and the State in Britain, c1780–1939

Opposition to the new Poor Law

3 things to know
Paper 3

Overview

Recall questions on Oastler and Fielden, the forms opposition took, where it was strongest, the Anti-Poor Law movement, and its connection to Chartism.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Who was Richard Oastler?

Key term

Who was John Fielden?

Who and when

What forms did opposition take?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Who led opposition to the new Poor Law and how?
Model answer
Richard Oastler and John Fielden led a strong Anti-Poor Law movement, especially in the north, with mass protests and propaganda against the workhouse system.
2
Who was Richard Oastler?
Model answer
The Tory radical steward who called the new Poor Law the Poor Man's Bastille, and campaigned against it alongside factory reform.
3
Who was John Fielden?
Model answer
A Todmorden mill owner and MP who refused to implement the Act in his own township, closed his mills in protest, and led opposition in parliament.
4
What forms did opposition take?
Model answer
Mass meetings, riots against guardians and commissioners, refusal by boards to build workhouses, and a sustained press campaign.
5
Where was opposition strongest?
Model answer
In the industrial north, especially the West Riding and south Lancashire, where the workhouse test made no sense during trade depressions.
6
What was the Anti-Poor Law movement?
Model answer
The northern campaign of 1837-39 combining Tory paternalists, radicals and working men, whose meetings drew tens of thousands.

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