Name the three estates into which French society was legally divided.

The clergy, the nobility, and everyone else, who together made up the Third Estate.

Roughly what proportion of the French population belonged to the Third Estate?

Well over ninety-five per cent, since the clergy and nobility together numbered only a few hundred thousand out of some twenty-eight million people.

Give three privileges enjoyed by the First Estate.

Exemption from the main direct taxes, the right to collect the tithe, and its own courts and assembly.

What was the don gratuit?

The voluntary grant the assembly of the clergy voted to the Crown in place of taxation, fixed by the clergy themselves.

Explain the difference between the higher and the lower clergy.

Bishops and abbots were almost all noble, wealthy and often absent, while parish priests were commonly of humble birth and poorly paid, which is why many of them sided with the Third Estate.

WJEC A-Level History 601-5817-7

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France in Revolution c.1774-1815

14 subtopics
42 things to know
AS Unit 2 and A2 Unit 4
Units 2 and 4, one depth study of eight, taken in two halves

What France in Revolution c.1774-1815 covers

France in Revolution c.1774-1815 is examined in Units 2 and 4, the depth study — one of eight options, taken in two halves across the course. It covers the three estates: privilege and burden under the Ancien Régime, government, finance and the ideas of the philosophes, Turgot, Necker and Calonne: the failure of reform, the Assembly of Notables, the cahiers and the Estates General, 1789: the National Assembly, the Bastille and the Great Fear, the October Days and the reforms of the National Assembly, the Church, refractory priests and the Constitution of 1791, Varennes, the Legislative Assembly and the coming of war, the fall of the monarchy and the September Massacres, the Convention, the execution of Louis and the Vendée, the Terror: government, Robespierre and the factions, Thermidor, the Directory and the rise of Bonaparte, Napoleon's reforms as Consul and Emperor and war, the Continental System and the fall of Napoleon.

Where it is assessed

AS Unit 2 and A2 Unit 4

The depth study, one option of eight, taken in two halves across the course.

Take France in Revolution c.1774-1815 further

The same content, four other ways.

Commonly confused

Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.

Active citizen vs Passive citizen
Active citizen: a man over twenty-five paying direct taxes worth at least three days' labour, who alone could vote in the elections. Passive citizen: A man who held the rights set out in the Declaration but paid too little tax to vote at all.
Constitutional clergy vs Refractory clergy
Constitutional clergy: priests who swore the oath demanded in 1790 and kept their official positions in the Church. Refractory clergy: Priests who refused the oath demanded in 1790, lost their official positions, and often went on ministering in secret.
The Great Fear vs The Terror
The Great Fear: the panic that swept the French countryside in the summer of 1789, when peasants armed themselves, attacked châteaux and burned the records of their dues. The Terror: The emergency government of 1793 and 1794, with its revolutionary tribunal, its Law of Suspects and mass executions.

Questions from this topic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What was meant by the Ancien Régime?
Model answer
The system of government and society in France before 1789, resting on absolute monarchy, a privileged nobility and clergy, and a Church closely bound to the state.
2
Name the three estates into which French society was legally divided.
Model answer
The clergy, the nobility, and everyone else, who together made up the Third Estate.
3
Roughly what proportion of the French population belonged to the Third Estate?
Model answer
Well over ninety-five per cent, since the clergy and nobility together numbered only a few hundred thousand out of some twenty-eight million people.
4
Give three privileges enjoyed by the First Estate.
Model answer
Exemption from the main direct taxes, the right to collect the tithe, and its own courts and assembly.
5
What was the don gratuit?
Model answer
The voluntary grant the assembly of the clergy voted to the Crown in place of taxation, fixed by the clergy themselves.
6
Explain the difference between the higher and the lower clergy.
Model answer
Bishops and abbots were almost all noble, wealthy and often absent, while parish priests were commonly of humble birth and poorly paid, which is why many of them sided with the Third Estate.

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Government, Rebellion and Society in Wales and England c.1485-1603

Government, Revolution and Society in Wales and England c.1603-1715

Politics, Protest and Reform in Wales and England c.1780-1880

Politics, People and Progress: Wales and England c.1880-1980

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France in Revolution c.1774-1815 revision questions

What does France in Revolution c.1774-1815 cover in WJEC A-Level History?: 14 subtopics: the three estates: privilege and burden under the ancien régime, government, finance and the ideas of the philosophes, turgot, necker and calonne: the failure of reform, the assembly of notables, the cahiers and the estates general, 1789: the national assembly, the bastille and the great fear, the october days and the reforms of the national assembly, the church, refractory priests and the constitution of 1791, varennes, the legislative assembly and the coming of war, the fall of the monarchy and the september massacres, the convention, the execution of louis and the vendée, the terror: government, robespierre and the factions, thermidor, the directory and the rise of bonaparte, napoleon's reforms as consul and emperor and war, the continental system and the fall of napoleon. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
How is France in Revolution c.1774-1815 organised?: By the WJEC 601-5817-7 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.

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