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Aggression

Theories of aggression

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2

Overview

Instinct theory and catharsis, Dollard's frustration-aggression hypothesis, Berkowitz's aggressive cue hypothesis and social learning theory, with criticisms.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Numbers

What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis state, who proposed it, and how might it apply in football?

Evaluation

What follows an aggressive act according to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, and what are the hypothesis's weaknesses?

Key term

What does instinct theory claim about aggression?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What does instinct theory claim about aggression?

    Model answer

    Instinct theory claims that aggression is innate, an inherited drive present in everyone. The drive evolved as part of the instinct to survive.

  2. 2

    Which psychologist is most closely linked with instinct theory?

    Model answer

    Konrad Lorenz is most closely linked with instinct theory. Lorenz argued that aggressive energy builds up naturally and must be released.

  3. 3

    What is catharsis, and how does instinct theory link it to sport?

    Model answer

    Catharsis is the release of pent-up aggressive energy. Instinct theory suggests sport gives a safe, acceptable outlet for this release.

  4. 4

    Give two criticisms of instinct theory.

    Model answer

    Instinct theory cannot explain why aggression varies between cultures and situations. Sport often increases aggression rather than releasing it, which contradicts the idea of catharsis.

  5. 5

    What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis state?

    Model answer

    The frustration-aggression hypothesis states that frustration always leads to aggression. Frustration arises when a performer is blocked from reaching a goal.

  6. 6

    Who proposed the frustration-aggression hypothesis, and when?

    Model answer

    John Dollard and colleagues proposed the frustration-aggression hypothesis in 1939.

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