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Linear and Angular Motion

Angular motion and conservation of angular momentum

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2

Overview

Torque, Newton's laws applied to rotation, angular displacement, velocity and acceleration, moment of inertia, and conservation of angular momentum in diving and skating.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is torque, and how does a diver create forward rotation at take-off?

Key term

What is angular motion, and what causes it?

Key term

What is torque?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is angular motion, and what causes it?

    Model answer

    Angular motion is movement of a body or body part in a circular path about an axis of rotation. Angular motion results from an eccentric force, one applied outside the centre of mass.

  2. 2

    What is torque?

    Model answer

    Torque is the turning effect of a force about an axis of rotation. A larger force, or one applied further from the axis, creates more torque.

  3. 3

    How does a diver create forward rotation at take-off?

    Model answer

    The diver leans forward so the reaction force from the board passes behind the centre of mass. The eccentric force creates forward rotation about the transverse axis.

  4. 4

    Apply Newton's first law to angular motion.

    Model answer

    A rotating body continues to turn about its axis with constant angular momentum unless an external torque acts on it. The angular form of the first law explains conservation of angular momentum.

  5. 5

    Apply Newton's second law to angular motion.

    Model answer

    The rate of change of angular momentum is proportional to the torque applied. A larger torque at take-off gives a diver a faster rotation.

  6. 6

    Apply Newton's third law to angular motion.

    Model answer

    For every torque there is an equal and opposite torque. A diver lifting the legs into a pike in flight brings the upper body down to meet them.

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