Key term
AQA A-Level Physical Education 7582
The Cardiovascular System
The Respiratory System
The Neuromuscular System
The Musculo-Skeletal System and Movement Analysis
Energy Systems
Skill, Transfer and Practice
Theories of Learning
Guidance and Feedback
Information Processing and Memory
The Emergence and Globalisation of Sport
Topic overviewPre-industrial society, mob football and real tennisIndustrialisation, urbanisation and rational recreationAssociation football, lawn tennis and Victorian athleticsAmateurs, professionals and women in Victorian sportThe Golden Triangle of sport, media and sponsorshipProfessionalism and elite women's sport since 1950
Equal Opportunities in Sport
Diet and Nutrition
Preparation and Training Methods
Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation
Biomechanical Principles and Levers
Linear and Angular Motion
Projectile Motion and Fluid Mechanics
Personality and Attitudes
Arousal and Anxiety
Aggression
Motivation and Achievement Motivation
Social Facilitation and Group Dynamics
Goal Setting
Attribution Theory
Self-Efficacy and Confidence
Leadership
Stress Management
Concepts of Physical Activity and Sport
Development of Elite Performers
Ethics and Violence in Sport
Drugs in Sport
Sport, the Law and Commercialisation
The Cardiovascular System
Venous return, Starling's law and cardiovascular drift
- 3 things to know
- Paper 1
Overview
Venous return and its mechanisms, pocket valves, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Starling's law applied to a cyclist, and cardiovascular drift in a marathon.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
How does the skeletal muscle pump aid venous return?
Key term
Explain the respiratory pump.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is venous return?
Model answer
Venous return is the return of blood to the right atrium through the veins.
- 2
How does the skeletal muscle pump aid venous return?
Model answer
Skeletal muscles squeeze the veins between them as they contract. Blood is pushed towards the heart, and pocket valves stop it flowing back.
- 3
Explain the respiratory pump.
Model answer
The respiratory pump works through pressure changes in the chest and abdomen during breathing. Veins in these cavities are squeezed, pushing blood back towards the heart.
- 4
What is the role of pocket valves in veins?
Model answer
Pocket valves close to stop blood flowing backwards. Blood can move in only one direction, towards the heart.
- 5
How does smooth muscle in the vein walls help venous return?
Model answer
A thin layer of smooth muscle in the vein walls contracts, which is venoconstriction. The squeeze helps push blood towards the heart.
- 6
How does gravity help venous return?
Model answer
Blood from the head and upper body drains down towards the heart with the help of gravity.
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