Key term
Edexcel A-Level Physical Education 9PE0
The Musculo-Skeletal System
Levers, Newton's Laws and Stability
The Respiratory System
The Cardiovascular System
The Neuromuscular System
Adaptations to Training
Energy Systems
Fatigue and Recovery
Diet, Nutrition and Supplements
Fitness Testing
Components and Principles of Training
Training Methods and Periodisation
Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation
Linear and Angular Motion
Projectile Motion and Fluid Mechanics
Coaching and Skill Classification
Learning Theories
Practice and Guidance
Feedback and Motor Control
Information Processing and Memory
Personality and Attitudes
Arousal and Anxiety
Aggression
Motivation
Social Facilitation
Group Dynamics and Cohesion
Goal Setting
Attribution Theory
Confidence and Self-Efficacy
Leadership
The Emergence of Modern Sport
Equality, Diversity and Migration in Sport
The Globalisation of Sport
The Commercialisation of Sport
Ethics and Deviance in Sport
Sport and the Media
Talent Identification and Elite Development
Participation and the Health of the Nation
Arousal and Anxiety
Drive, inverted-U and catastrophe theories
- 3 things to know
- Component 2
Overview
Hull's drive theory and its formula, the dominant response, experts and novices, the inverted-U from Yerkes and Dodson and its criticisms, skill type and the expert extrovert, and catastrophe theory with a golfer's collapse.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
State Hull's drive theory.
Key term
How did Hull express drive theory as a formula?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
State Hull's drive theory.
Model answer
Hull's drive theory states that performance rises in direct proportion to arousal. The relationship is linear, so more arousal always brings better performance.
- 2
How did Hull express drive theory as a formula?
Model answer
Hull expressed it as performance = habit strength × drive. Drive stands for the level of arousal.
- 3
What is the dominant response in drive theory?
Model answer
The dominant response is the behaviour most likely to appear under high arousal. The dominant response is the performer's most well-learned habit.
- 4
Why does high arousal help an expert, according to drive theory?
Model answer
An expert's dominant response is the correct, well-learned skill. High arousal makes that correct response more likely.
- 5
Why does high arousal harm a novice, according to drive theory?
Model answer
A novice's dominant response is often incorrect. High arousal makes the novice more likely to repeat mistakes.
- 6
What is the main criticism of drive theory?
Model answer
Drive theory cannot explain why experts sometimes perform badly when highly aroused. Even well-learned skills can break down under extreme pressure.
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