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Edexcel A-Level Physical Education 9PE0
The Musculo-Skeletal System
Levers, Newton's Laws and Stability
The Respiratory System
The Cardiovascular System
The Neuromuscular System
Adaptations to Training
Energy Systems
Fatigue and Recovery
Diet, Nutrition and Supplements
Fitness Testing
Components and Principles of Training
Training Methods and Periodisation
Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation
Linear and Angular Motion
Projectile Motion and Fluid Mechanics
Coaching and Skill Classification
Learning Theories
Practice and Guidance
Feedback and Motor Control
Information Processing and Memory
Personality and Attitudes
Arousal and Anxiety
Aggression
Motivation
Social Facilitation
Group Dynamics and Cohesion
Goal Setting
Attribution Theory
Confidence and Self-Efficacy
Leadership
The Emergence of Modern Sport
Equality, Diversity and Migration in Sport
The Globalisation of Sport
The Commercialisation of Sport
Ethics and Deviance in Sport
Sport and the Media
Talent Identification and Elite Development
Participation and the Health of the Nation
Ethics and Deviance in Sport
Performance-enhancing drugs from early use to today
- 3 things to know
- Component 2
Overview
Early drug use, Thomas Hicks in 1904, Tom Simpson in 1967, the start of Olympic testing, blood doping, diuretics, pain relief, anabolic steroids, EPO, the Festina affair of 1998, and why doping continues.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What is blood doping, and why is it dangerous?
Key term
When did drug use in sport first appear?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
When did drug use in sport first appear?
Model answer
Performers have used substances to improve performance since ancient times. Stimulants were used in endurance events in the late nineteenth century.
- 2
What did the marathon winner Thomas Hicks take at the 1904 Olympic Games?
Model answer
Thomas Hicks was given strychnine mixed with brandy during the 1904 marathon. Such doping was not banned at the time.
- 3
How did the death of Tom Simpson in 1967 affect attitudes to doping?
Model answer
Tom Simpson died during the Tour de France with amphetamines in his body. Simpson's death increased pressure for drug testing.
- 4
When did the Olympic Games introduce full drug testing?
Model answer
The Olympic Games introduced drug testing at the 1968 Games. The International Olympic Committee had set up a medical commission to lead it.
- 5
What is blood doping?
Model answer
Blood doping is raising the number of red blood cells to carry more oxygen. A performer's own or a donor's blood is transfused before competition.
- 6
Why is blood doping dangerous?
Model answer
Extra red blood cells thicken the blood. Thicker blood raises the risk of clots, heart attack and stroke.
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