Migration of sporting labour

Overview

The migration of sporting labour, the Bosman ruling of 1995, why performers migrate, the effects on domestic competitions and national teams, the brawn drain, switching nationality and overseas coaches.

What you need to know

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Questions from this subtopic

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1. 1

   What is meant by the migration of sporting labour?

   Model answer

   Sporting labour migration is the movement of performers and coaches between countries to work. Performers move for money, opportunity and a higher standard.

2. 2

   What was the Bosman ruling of 1995?

   Model answer

   The Bosman ruling was a European Court of Justice decision on football transfers. Players could move freely at the end of a contract, and EU nationality quotas ended.

3. 3

   How did the Bosman ruling affect domestic football competitions?

   Model answer

   Clubs could sign many more overseas players. The number of foreign players in top leagues rose sharply.

4. 4

   Why do elite performers migrate to other countries?

   Model answer

   Richer leagues offer higher wages and better facilities. Performers can also play at a higher standard.

5. 5

   How can migration benefit a domestic competition?

   Model answer

   Overseas stars raise the standard and global appeal of a league. Foreign players can attract international television audiences.

6. 6

   How can migration harm a domestic competition?

   Model answer

   Home-grown players can lose places to overseas signings. Fewer opportunities may slow the development of local talent.

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