How does a thrower increase release velocity?

A thrower applies a larger force over a longer path before release. The glide or rotation in the shot put lengthens the path over which force is applied.

How does the height of release affect horizontal distance?

A greater release height gives a longer flight time, so the projectile travels further. A tall shot putter who releases the shot high above the ground gains distance.

What is the optimum angle of release when release and landing are at the same height?

The optimum angle is 45° when release and landing are at the same height and air resistance is ignored.

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Projectile Motion and Fluid Mechanics

Release velocity, height and angle

3 things to know
Component 1

Overview

Release velocity, height and angle, the optimum angle, the shot putter below 45° and the long jumper at about 20°, angles too steep or flat, the javelin, glide and rotational techniques, video analysis and motion capture.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Explain why a shot putter releases at an angle below 45°.

Key term

Name the three release factors that determine the horizontal distance a projectile travels.

Key term

Why is velocity of release usually the most important of the three factors?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Name the three release factors that determine the horizontal distance a projectile travels.
Model answer
The three factors are the speed of release, the height of release and the angle of release.
2
Why is velocity of release usually the most important of the three factors?
Model answer
Horizontal distance rises roughly with the square of release velocity. A small gain in release speed adds more distance than any realistic change in height or angle.
3
How does a thrower increase release velocity?
Model answer
A thrower applies a larger force over a longer path before release. The glide or rotation in the shot put lengthens the path over which force is applied.
4
How does the height of release affect horizontal distance?
Model answer
A greater release height gives a longer flight time, so the projectile travels further. A tall shot putter who releases the shot high above the ground gains distance.
5
What is the optimum angle of release when release and landing are at the same height?
Model answer
The optimum angle is 45° when release and landing are at the same height and air resistance is ignored.
6
Explain why a shot putter releases at an angle below 45°.
Model answer
The shot leaves the hand about 2 m above the ground, so the flight already gains time from its height. A lower angle, around 35° to 40°, gives the best balance of horizontal speed and flight time. A putter can also exert more force at a lower angle.

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