What are end diastolic volume and end systolic volume?

End diastolic volume is the blood in the ventricle once filling is complete. End systolic volume is the blood left in the ventricle after it contracts.

How is stroke volume found from end diastolic and end systolic volumes?

Stroke volume = end diastolic volume − end systolic volume.

Calculate the stroke volume of a student whose end diastolic volume is 130 mL and end systolic volume is 60 mL.

The stroke volume is 70 mL. EDV − ESV = 130 mL − 60 mL = 70 mL.

Define cardiac output and give its equation.

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle each minute. Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate.

Calculate the cardiac output of a student with a stroke volume of 70 mL and a heart rate of 72 bpm.

The cardiac output is about 5.0 L min⁻¹. Stroke volume × heart rate = 70 mL × 72 bpm = 5040 mL min⁻¹.

Edexcel A-Level Physical Education 9PE0

The Musculo-Skeletal System

Topic overview Muscles, bones and movements of the upper body Muscles, bones and movements of the lower body and trunk Contraction types and the stretch-shortening cycle Muscle roles and the acute response to a warm-up

Levers, Newton's Laws and Stability

Topic overview Lever systems in the body Mechanical advantage and disadvantage of levers Newton's laws of motion and force calculations Centre of mass and stability

The Respiratory System

Topic overview Structure of the airways and alveoli The mechanics of breathing Gas exchange, partial pressure and diffusion Lung volumes and capacities

The Cardiovascular System

Topic overview Heart structure and the conduction system Blood vessels, circulation and vascular shunting Heart rate, cardiac output and bradycardia Exercise responses and the effects of an unhealthy lifestyle

The Neuromuscular System

Topic overview Muscle fibre types and their characteristics Motor units, recruitment and gradation of contraction Muscle structure and the sliding filament theory Neuromuscular transmission and the response to warming up

Adaptations to Training

Topic overview Heart and lung adaptations to training Muscle and bone adaptations to training Nervous system and muscle fibre adaptations

Energy Systems

Topic overview Forms of energy and ATP The ATP-PC and glycolytic systems The aerobic system and fuel use The energy continuum and priming exercise

Fatigue and Recovery

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Diet, Nutrition and Supplements

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Fitness Testing

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Components and Principles of Training

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Training Methods and Periodisation

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Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation

Topic overview Classifying injuries and acute injuries Overuse injuries: shin splints, tendonitis and stress fractures Preventing sports injuries Rehabilitation methods, POLICE and RICE

Linear and Angular Motion

Topic overview Distance, displacement, speed and acceleration Distance–time, speed–time and velocity–time graphs Angular motion and moment of inertia Conservation of angular momentum

Projectile Motion and Fluid Mechanics

Topic overview Forces acting on a projectile in flight Release velocity, height and angle Drag, streamlining and technology Lift, the Bernoulli effect and spin

Coaching and Skill Classification

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Learning Theories

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Practice and Guidance

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Information Processing and Memory

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Personality and Attitudes

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Arousal and Anxiety

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Aggression

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Motivation

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Social Facilitation

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Group Dynamics and Cohesion

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Goal Setting

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Attribution Theory

Topic overview Weiner's attributions for success and failure The three dimensions of attribution Attribution retraining

Confidence and Self-Efficacy

Topic overview Self-confidence and its effect on performance Vealey's model of sport confidence Bandura's four sources of self-efficacy Learned helplessness

Leadership

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The Emergence of Modern Sport

Topic overview Popular recreation in pre-industrial Britain The Industrial Revolution and recreation Rational recreation, Arnold and athleticism Factory teams, the sporting press and the first governing bodies

Equality, Diversity and Migration in Sport

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The Globalisation of Sport

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Ethics and Deviance in Sport

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Sport and the Media

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Talent Identification and Elite Development

Topic overview Talent identification programmes in the UK The pathway from novice to elite performer East German and Australian influences on UK sport

Participation and the Health of the Nation

Topic overview Barriers to participation and the benefits of mass participation Mass participation initiatives in the UK Participation trends in the 21st century

The Cardiovascular System

Heart rate, cardiac output and bradycardia

3 things to know
Component 1

Overview

Stroke volume from end diastolic and end systolic volumes, cardiac output and its equation, Starling's law, resting, working, maximum and recovery heart rate, heart rate reserve, worked calculations and bradycardia.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What are stroke volume, end diastolic volume and end systolic volume?

Key term

Describe how heart rate changes before, during and after a steady submaximal run.

Key term

Define stroke volume.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Define stroke volume.
Model answer
Stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in one beat. Stroke volume is about 70 mL at rest in an untrained adult.
2
What are end diastolic volume and end systolic volume?
Model answer
End diastolic volume is the blood in the ventricle once filling is complete. End systolic volume is the blood left in the ventricle after it contracts.
3
How is stroke volume found from end diastolic and end systolic volumes?
Model answer
Stroke volume = end diastolic volume − end systolic volume.
4
Calculate the stroke volume of a student whose end diastolic volume is 130 mL and end systolic volume is 60 mL.
Model answer
The stroke volume is 70 mL. EDV − ESV = 130 mL − 60 mL = 70 mL.
5
Define cardiac output and give its equation.
Model answer
Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle each minute. Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate.
6
Calculate the cardiac output of a student with a stroke volume of 70 mL and a heart rate of 72 bpm.
Model answer
The cardiac output is about 5.0 L min⁻¹. Stroke volume × heart rate = 70 mL × 72 bpm = 5040 mL min⁻¹.

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The Musculo-Skeletal System

Levers, Newton's Laws and Stability

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

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AThe training zone is 136 to 158 bpm.

BHeart rate reserve = (220 − 40) − 70 = 110 bpm.

CLower limit = (110 × 0.6) + 70 = 136 bpm.

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