Steiner's model and the Ringelmann effect

Overview

Steiner's potential and actual productivity, faulty processes, coordination and motivation losses, the Ringelmann effect in a tug of war and a rowing eight, reducing coordination losses and teams of star players.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   State Steiner's model of group productivity.

   Model answer

   Actual productivity equals potential productivity minus losses due to faulty processes. A team rarely performs at its full potential.

2. 2

   What is potential productivity?

   Model answer

   Potential productivity is the best a team could achieve given its members' ability. Potential productivity assumes perfect teamwork.

3. 3

   What is actual productivity?

   Model answer

   Actual productivity is how well the team really performs in competition. Actual productivity is usually below potential.

4. 4

   What are faulty processes in Steiner's model?

   Model answer

   Faulty processes are problems that stop a team reaching its potential. Faulty processes come from coordination losses and motivation losses.

5. 5

   What are coordination losses?

   Model answer

   Coordination losses occur when team members fail to combine their efforts effectively. Poor timing and communication between players are examples.

6. 6

   Give an example of a coordination loss in football.

   Model answer

   Two defenders leave an attacker unmarked because each assumes the other will track the run. The breakdown in communication concedes a goal.

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