Key term
CCEA A-Level Health and Social Care 0003
Promoting Quality Care
Topic overviewThe values of care and their impact on service usersIndividual rights and choicesAnti-discriminatory practiceRespect, dignity and confidentialityChildren's rights and special educational needs legislationHuman rights and safeguarding legislationDisability discrimination legislationMental health legislation and capacityHealth and safety legislation, COSHH and RIDDORPolicies that promote quality carePoor practice and its impact on people
Communication in Health, Social Care and Early Years Settings
Topic overviewThe range of people staff communicate withVerbal communicationNon-verbal communication and body languageWritten and electronic communicationThe purposes of communication in care settingsConfidentiality and privacy in communicationPhysical and emotional factors that support communicationPractitioners' communication skillsBarriers arising from sensory impairment, illness and disabilityBarriers arising from mental health, language and cultureOvercoming barriers to communicationTeam communication and reflecting on your own practice
Health and Well-Being
Topic overviewConcepts of health, ill-health and diseaseMental health, mental illness and psychological well-beingThe needs of service users and how settings meet themThe effects of ill-health on education, employment, income and relationshipsSocio-economic factors affecting health and well-beingInherited conditions: cystic fibrosis and Huntington's diseaseConditions associated with ageing: osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetesEnvironmental factors: location, pollution and occupational hazardsBehavioural factors: exercise, diet, smoking, alcohol and drug useApproaches to health promotion and personal responsibilityStatutory services and the World Health OrganisationVoluntary, private and commercial providersPrejudice, discrimination and stereotypingAnti-discriminatory practice and equality law in Northern Ireland
Safeguarding Children
Topic overviewPhysical development from one to eight yearsIntellectual and language development from one to eight yearsEmotional and social development from one to eight yearsPromoting development through activities and interactionPiaget and Vygotsky in early years practiceSkinner and Bandura: managing behaviour and modellingErikson and Bowlby: attachment, identity and settling inTypes of abuseIndicators of abuse in childrenSafeguarding responsibilities and the setting's policiesFactors that increase the risk of child abuse
Adult Service Users
Topic overviewKey concepts in work with adults: need, protection, disability, empowerment and person-centred careOlder people: needs and how they are metAdults with physical disabilities: needs and how they are metAdults with learning disabilities: needs and how they are metAdults living with mental ill health: needs and how they are metHealth practitioners working with adult service usersSocial care practitioners and advocacyReablement and the care planning cycleThe Bengoa Report and a new model of health and social careConfidentiality, safeguarding adults and whistle-blowing policiesStatutory, private and voluntary provision and how it is fundedInformal carers and the Carers and Direct Payments Act (Northern Ireland) 2002
Holistic Therapies
Topic overviewThe holistic approach and safe practiceAcupunctureAromatherapyHerbalismReflexologyPilates and kinesiologyMedical approaches: medication, surgery and physiotherapyManaging asthma, high blood pressure and arthritisManaging insomnia, migraine, back pain, depression and irritable bowel syndromeComparing holistic therapies and medical treatmentsCurrent trends, evidence and holistic therapies in care settings
Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness
Topic overviewThe animal cell and its organellesCell specialisation and the four tissue typesThe organisation of the nervous systemThe major areas of the brainNeurones, the reflex arc and the synapseMultiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and strokeThe endocrine glands and their hormonesType 1 and type 2 diabetesThe digestive system and how food is broken downPancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and stomach ulcersThe urinary system and the kidney nephronRenal failure, incontinence and dehydrationLiving with a physiological disorder
Applied Research
Topic overviewChoosing a research topic and writing a rationaleResearch objectives and the hypothesisSearching the literature and using secondary sourcesHarvard referencing and citing sourcesQuestionnaires as a research toolInterviews and interview schedulesObservation and observation chartsValidity and reliability in research designSampling techniques and representativenessEthics in research with people who use servicesCollating and presenting quantitative dataAnalysing results and drawing conclusionsEvaluating the methodology and recommending improvements
Body Systems and Physiological Disorders
Topic overviewThe heart and the cardiac cycleBlood, blood vessels and the double circulationControl of heart rate and blood pressureThe respiratory system, ventilation and gas exchangeBehaviour that protects the heart and lungsNormal ranges for pulse and breathing rates, and causes of deviationMonitoring pulse and breathing safely before and after exercisePresenting and analysing monitoring resultsCoronary heart disease, asthma and other physiological disordersDiagnostic techniques and what each one showsTreatments, care pathways, practitioners and support servicesThe effects of a physiological disorder on everyday life
Providing Services
Topic overviewThe origins of the welfare stateLegislation shaping service provision in Northern IrelandSafeguarding, mental health and disability legislationPolicies in health and social care settingsDemographic trends and their effect on servicesStatutory, private, voluntary and informal providersHow the providers are fundedIntegration, community care and evaluating provisionMeeting physical, intellectual, emotional and social needsAccessing services and routes of referralBarriers to access and how they are overcomeThe roles and specialisms of practitionersInterdisciplinary team workingCodes of practice, regulation and quality assurance
Public Health and Health Promotion
Topic overviewThe concept of public healthPublic health issues in the United KingdomHow public health issues are addressed in Northern IrelandLegislation, taxation and the law as public health toolsThe Public Health Agency and its campaignsApproaches to health promotionEvaluating a health promotion campaignChoosing a topic, an aim and a target groupDelivery methods and materialsDrawing up and justifying the planDesigning tools to evaluate the activityCarrying out and evaluating the activity
Supporting the Family
Topic overviewFamily structures since the Second World WarWhy family structures have changedHow families meet physical and intellectual needsHow families meet emotional and social needsHealth and social care services a family may needStatutory services and how they support familiesThe private sector and informal careVoluntary organisations supporting familiesEffects on families of accessing servicesDomestic violence, child abuse and addictionPoverty, mental illness and bereavement in familiesPoor parenting, behavioural problems, special needs and racism
Understanding Human Behaviour
Topic overviewThe psychoanalytic perspective and Freud's theory of personalityThe humanistic perspective and Rogers' theory of personalityBehaviourism: Pavlov, Skinner and conditioningThe cognitive perspective: Beck and EllisSocial learning theory and the Bobo doll experimentThe biological perspective on behaviourPerspectives on depression and its treatmentPerspectives on aggression and its treatmentPerspectives on stress and its managementPerspectives on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosaPerspectives on phobias and their treatmentSocio-economic influences on behaviour
Human Nutrition and Health
Topic overviewProtein, carbohydrate and fat: functions and sourcesVitamins: functions, sources and deficiencyMinerals, water and dietary fibreCurrent dietary guidance and the bodies that issue itNutritional requirements at each stage of lifeVegan diets and meeting nutritional requirementsEnergy requirements, basal metabolic rate and activity levelsModifying recipes and diets for intolerance and allergyDiet-related conditions of the gut, bowel and teethDiet, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesityFactors influencing food choiceFood hygiene and the safe storage and preparation of foodFood poisoning bacteria, symptoms and food safety enforcement
Adult Service Users
- 12 subtopics
- 36 things to know
- AS 5
What Adult Service Users covers
Adult Service Users is examined in Unit AS 5, Adult Service Users — a Double Award option, taken instead of AS 7. It covers key concepts in work with adults: need, protection, disability, empowerment and person-centred care, older people: needs and how they are met, adults with physical disabilities: needs and how they are met, adults with learning disabilities: needs and how they are met, adults living with mental ill health: needs and how they are met, health practitioners working with adult service users, social care practitioners and advocacy, reablement and the care planning cycle, the Bengoa Report and a new model of health and social care, confidentiality, safeguarding adults and whistle-blowing policies, statutory, private and voluntary provision and how it is funded and informal carers and the Carers and Direct Payments Act (Northern Ireland) 2002.
The 12 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Key concepts in work with adults: need, protection, disability, empowerment and person-centred careNeed in health and social care, normative need and felt need.Open →
- Older people: needs and how they are metThree emotional needs of an older person, two services that reduce social isolation among older people and respite care.Open →
- Adults with physical disabilities: needs and how they are metPhysical disability and aid or adaptation.Open →
- Adults with learning disabilities: needs and how they are metLearning disability and supported living.Open →
- Adults living with mental ill health: needs and how they are metMental ill health, recovery approach in mental health and best interests decision.Open →
- Health practitioners working with adult service usersPhysiotherapist's work with an older person after a fall, role of an occupational therapist and role of a GP in adult services.Open →
- Social care practitioners and advocacyCitizen advocacy, peer advocacy and independent professional advocacy.Open →
- Reablement and the care planning cycleThree potential benefits of reablement, six stages of the care planning cycle and difference between monitoring and evaluating a care plan.Open →
- The Bengoa Report and a new model of health and social careWhat the 2016 report Systems, Not Structures found about the way services were organised, why it argued for changing the model of care rather than the bodies delivering it, and what it recommended for services to adults.Open →
- Confidentiality, safeguarding adults and whistle-blowing policiesWhat a worker may and may not disclose about an adult service user, when a concern must be shared without consent, the route a safeguarding referral takes, and the protection a worker has when raising a concern about practice.Open →
- Statutory, private and voluntary provision and how it is fundedStatutory service, three of the five integrated Health and Social Care Trusts and private provider in adult services.Open →
- Informal carers and the Carers and Direct Payments Act (Northern Ireland) 2002Carer breakdown and direct payment.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
How does a speech and language therapist support an adult after a stroke?
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How does domiciliary care make it possible for an adult to remain in their own home?
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When does an adult service user need an advocate, and who might act as one?
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What are the titles of the two sections of Systems, Not Structures that set out the case and the vision?
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Why do most adult service users rely on statutory provision rather than buying care privately?
Evaluation
Give two weaknesses of private provision.
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Why is an informal carer often the first to notice that an adult's needs are changing?
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What is meant by a need in health and social care?
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What is a physical disability?
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Name two conditions associated with a learning disability.
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What is meant by mental ill health?
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How long does a period of reablement usually last?
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What is a policy in a health and social care organisation?
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Who set out the taxonomy of social need, and what are its four categories?
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Which four groups of need are used to describe a service user's circumstances?
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Name three physical needs of an adult with a physical disability.
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How does a learning disability differ from a specific learning difficulty such as dyslexia?
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Name three conditions that fall within mental ill health.
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How does a physiotherapist support an adult service user to regain independence after a fall?
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How does reablement differ from traditional home care?
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What is the title of the report produced by the expert panel chaired by Professor Rafael Bengoa?
Numbers
Which law governs how an organisation handles personal data?
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Name three tasks an informal carer commonly does.
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What is a normative need?
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Give three physical needs that commonly grow in later life.
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What is an aid or adaptation, and which practitioner assesses for one?
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Give three physical needs an adult with a profound learning disability may have.
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Give two physical needs that may arise for a person living with mental ill health.
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Why might a speech and language therapist be involved after a stroke?
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What does a social worker do in adult services?
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When is reablement typically offered?
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Who chaired the expert panel that produced Systems, Not Structures?
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Give two practical requirements a confidentiality policy places on staff.
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What is a statutory service?
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What should a service consider when the person caring for an adult is a child?
Take Adult Service Users further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Empowerment vs Person-centred care
Empowerment: giving somebody the information and confidence to take control of their own life. Person-centred care: shaping the support itself around what that individual values and wants.
Reablement vs Traditional home care
Reablement: working alongside somebody for a few weeks so they can manage a task themselves again. Traditional home care: it means performing the task for them for as long as it is needed.
Self-advocacy vs Citizen advocacy
Self-advocacy: speaking up on one's own behalf. Citizen advocacy: a trained volunteer from the community standing alongside a person and speaking for them.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is meant by a need in health and social care?
Model answer
A need is something a person requires in order to maintain their health and well-being and cannot meet without support.
- 2
Who set out the taxonomy of social need, and what are its four categories?
Model answer
Jonathan Bradshaw set out a taxonomy of social need containing normative need, felt need, expressed need and comparative need.
- 3
What is a normative need?
Model answer
A normative need is one defined by a professional or by an agreed standard rather than by the person themselves.
- 4
What is a felt need?
Model answer
A felt need is what a person themselves believes they require, whether or not they ever ask for help with it.
- 5
How does an expressed need differ from a felt need?
Model answer
An expressed need is one the person has actually asked for help with, so a felt need becomes expressed only once it is voiced.
- 6
What is a comparative need?
Model answer
A comparative need is identified by comparing a person or an area with others in similar circumstances who are already receiving support.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Adult Service Users revision questions
- What does Adult Service Users cover in CCEA A-Level Health and Social Care?
- 12 subtopics: key concepts in work with adults: need, protection, disability, empowerment and person-centred care, older people: needs and how they are met, adults with physical disabilities: needs and how they are met, adults with learning disabilities: needs and how they are met, adults living with mental ill health: needs and how they are met, health practitioners working with adult service users, social care practitioners and advocacy, reablement and the care planning cycle, the bengoa report and a new model of health and social care, confidentiality, safeguarding adults and whistle-blowing policies, statutory, private and voluntary provision and how it is funded and informal carers and the carers and direct payments act (northern ireland) 2002. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Adult Service Users organised?
- By the CCEA 0003 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Adult Service Users, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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