Evaluation
CCEA A-Level Health and Social Care 0003
Promoting Quality Care
Topic overviewThe values of care and their impact on service usersIndividual rights and choicesAnti-discriminatory practiceRespect, dignity and confidentialityChildren's rights and special educational needs legislationHuman rights and safeguarding legislationDisability discrimination legislationMental health legislation and capacityHealth and safety legislation, COSHH and RIDDORPolicies that promote quality carePoor practice and its impact on people
Communication in Health, Social Care and Early Years Settings
Topic overviewThe range of people staff communicate withVerbal communicationNon-verbal communication and body languageWritten and electronic communicationThe purposes of communication in care settingsConfidentiality and privacy in communicationPhysical and emotional factors that support communicationPractitioners' communication skillsBarriers arising from sensory impairment, illness and disabilityBarriers arising from mental health, language and cultureOvercoming barriers to communicationTeam communication and reflecting on your own practice
Health and Well-Being
Topic overviewConcepts of health, ill-health and diseaseMental health, mental illness and psychological well-beingThe needs of service users and how settings meet themThe effects of ill-health on education, employment, income and relationshipsSocio-economic factors affecting health and well-beingInherited conditions: cystic fibrosis and Huntington's diseaseConditions associated with ageing: osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetesEnvironmental factors: location, pollution and occupational hazardsBehavioural factors: exercise, diet, smoking, alcohol and drug useApproaches to health promotion and personal responsibilityStatutory services and the World Health OrganisationVoluntary, private and commercial providersPrejudice, discrimination and stereotypingAnti-discriminatory practice and equality law in Northern Ireland
Safeguarding Children
Topic overviewPhysical development from one to eight yearsIntellectual and language development from one to eight yearsEmotional and social development from one to eight yearsPromoting development through activities and interactionPiaget and Vygotsky in early years practiceSkinner and Bandura: managing behaviour and modellingErikson and Bowlby: attachment, identity and settling inTypes of abuseIndicators of abuse in childrenSafeguarding responsibilities and the setting's policiesFactors that increase the risk of child abuse
Adult Service Users
Topic overviewKey concepts in work with adults: need, protection, disability, empowerment and person-centred careOlder people: needs and how they are metAdults with physical disabilities: needs and how they are metAdults with learning disabilities: needs and how they are metAdults living with mental ill health: needs and how they are metHealth practitioners working with adult service usersSocial care practitioners and advocacyReablement and the care planning cycleThe Bengoa Report and a new model of health and social careConfidentiality, safeguarding adults and whistle-blowing policiesStatutory, private and voluntary provision and how it is fundedInformal carers and the Carers and Direct Payments Act (Northern Ireland) 2002
Holistic Therapies
Topic overviewThe holistic approach and safe practiceAcupunctureAromatherapyHerbalismReflexologyPilates and kinesiologyMedical approaches: medication, surgery and physiotherapyManaging asthma, high blood pressure and arthritisManaging insomnia, migraine, back pain, depression and irritable bowel syndromeComparing holistic therapies and medical treatmentsCurrent trends, evidence and holistic therapies in care settings
Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness
Topic overviewThe animal cell and its organellesCell specialisation and the four tissue typesThe organisation of the nervous systemThe major areas of the brainNeurones, the reflex arc and the synapseMultiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and strokeThe endocrine glands and their hormonesType 1 and type 2 diabetesThe digestive system and how food is broken downPancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and stomach ulcersThe urinary system and the kidney nephronRenal failure, incontinence and dehydrationLiving with a physiological disorder
Applied Research
Topic overviewChoosing a research topic and writing a rationaleResearch objectives and the hypothesisSearching the literature and using secondary sourcesHarvard referencing and citing sourcesQuestionnaires as a research toolInterviews and interview schedulesObservation and observation chartsValidity and reliability in research designSampling techniques and representativenessEthics in research with people who use servicesCollating and presenting quantitative dataAnalysing results and drawing conclusionsEvaluating the methodology and recommending improvements
Body Systems and Physiological Disorders
Topic overviewThe heart and the cardiac cycleBlood, blood vessels and the double circulationControl of heart rate and blood pressureThe respiratory system, ventilation and gas exchangeBehaviour that protects the heart and lungsNormal ranges for pulse and breathing rates, and causes of deviationMonitoring pulse and breathing safely before and after exercisePresenting and analysing monitoring resultsCoronary heart disease, asthma and other physiological disordersDiagnostic techniques and what each one showsTreatments, care pathways, practitioners and support servicesThe effects of a physiological disorder on everyday life
Providing Services
Topic overviewThe origins of the welfare stateLegislation shaping service provision in Northern IrelandSafeguarding, mental health and disability legislationPolicies in health and social care settingsDemographic trends and their effect on servicesStatutory, private, voluntary and informal providersHow the providers are fundedIntegration, community care and evaluating provisionMeeting physical, intellectual, emotional and social needsAccessing services and routes of referralBarriers to access and how they are overcomeThe roles and specialisms of practitionersInterdisciplinary team workingCodes of practice, regulation and quality assurance
Public Health and Health Promotion
Topic overviewThe concept of public healthPublic health issues in the United KingdomHow public health issues are addressed in Northern IrelandLegislation, taxation and the law as public health toolsThe Public Health Agency and its campaignsApproaches to health promotionEvaluating a health promotion campaignChoosing a topic, an aim and a target groupDelivery methods and materialsDrawing up and justifying the planDesigning tools to evaluate the activityCarrying out and evaluating the activity
Supporting the Family
Topic overviewFamily structures since the Second World WarWhy family structures have changedHow families meet physical and intellectual needsHow families meet emotional and social needsHealth and social care services a family may needStatutory services and how they support familiesThe private sector and informal careVoluntary organisations supporting familiesEffects on families of accessing servicesDomestic violence, child abuse and addictionPoverty, mental illness and bereavement in familiesPoor parenting, behavioural problems, special needs and racism
Understanding Human Behaviour
Topic overviewThe psychoanalytic perspective and Freud's theory of personalityThe humanistic perspective and Rogers' theory of personalityBehaviourism: Pavlov, Skinner and conditioningThe cognitive perspective: Beck and EllisSocial learning theory and the Bobo doll experimentThe biological perspective on behaviourPerspectives on depression and its treatmentPerspectives on aggression and its treatmentPerspectives on stress and its managementPerspectives on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosaPerspectives on phobias and their treatmentSocio-economic influences on behaviour
Human Nutrition and Health
Topic overviewProtein, carbohydrate and fat: functions and sourcesVitamins: functions, sources and deficiencyMinerals, water and dietary fibreCurrent dietary guidance and the bodies that issue itNutritional requirements at each stage of lifeVegan diets and meeting nutritional requirementsEnergy requirements, basal metabolic rate and activity levelsModifying recipes and diets for intolerance and allergyDiet-related conditions of the gut, bowel and teethDiet, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesityFactors influencing food choiceFood hygiene and the safe storage and preparation of foodFood poisoning bacteria, symptoms and food safety enforcement
Understanding Human Behaviour
- 12 subtopics
- 36 things to know
- A2 6
What Understanding Human Behaviour covers
Understanding Human Behaviour is examined in Unit A2 6, Understanding Human Behaviour — a Double Award option, taken instead of A2 7. It covers the psychoanalytic perspective and Freud's theory of personality, the humanistic perspective and Rogers' theory of personality, behaviourism: Pavlov, Skinner and conditioning, the cognitive perspective: Beck and Ellis, social learning theory and the Bobo doll experiment, the biological perspective on behaviour, Perspectives on depression and its treatment, Perspectives on aggression and its treatment, Perspectives on stress and its management, Perspectives on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, Perspectives on phobias and their treatment and socio-economic influences on behaviour.
Where it is assessed
A2 6
Understanding Human Behaviour — a written examination.
Check the CCEA specification ↗The 12 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- The psychoanalytic perspective and Freud's theory of personalityCentral claim of the psychoanalytic perspective, three parts into which Freud divided the personality and ego and its function in Freud's model.Open →
- The humanistic perspective and Rogers' theory of personalityCentral claim of the humanistic perspective, self-concept as Rogers used the term and unconditional positive regard.Open →
- Behaviourism: Pavlov, Skinner and conditioningCentral claim of the behaviourist perspective, ivan Pavlov originally studying when he discovered classical conditioning and unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response in Pavlov's experiment.Open →
- The cognitive perspective: Beck and EllisCentral claim of the cognitive perspective, negative automatic thoughts and schema as the cognitive perspective uses the term.Open →
- Social learning theory and the Bobo doll experimentCentral claim of social learning theory, procedure of Bandura's Bobo doll experiment and vicarious reinforcement.Open →
- The biological perspective on behaviourCentral claim of the biological perspective, concordance rate and proposed role of testosterone in aggression.Open →
- Perspectives on depression and its treatmentMain features of depression, three techniques used in psychoanalysis and three core conditions Rogers said a therapist must provide.Open →
- Perspectives on aggression and its treatmentAggression as psychologists use the term, behaviour modification and how a token economy works.Open →
- Perspectives on stress and its managementStress and stressor, three common sources of stress in adult life and four time management techniques.Open →
- Perspectives on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosaMain features of anorexia nervosa, main features of bulimia nervosa and main difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.Open →
- Perspectives on phobias and their treatmentThree types of phobia, how systematic desensitisation is carried out and reciprocal inhibition.Open →
- Socio-economic influences on behaviourSocio-economic factor, how poverty can contribute to depression and stress and three vulnerability factors Brown and Harris identified.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Describe the main features of depression.
Evaluation
Evaluate psychoanalysis as a treatment for depression.
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Which drugs does the biological perspective use to reduce aggression, and how are they judged?
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How would the cognitive perspective treat a phobia?
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How is gender related to reported rates of depression?
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Why are eating disorders reported more often in girls and young women?
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How can housing and environment affect mental health?
Numbers
Who founded the psychoanalytic perspective in psychology?
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Who developed the humanistic theory of personality that centres on the self?
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State the central claim of the behaviourist perspective.
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State the central claim of the cognitive perspective.
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State the central claim of the biological perspective.
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Define stress and stressor.
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Describe the main features of anorexia nervosa.
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State the central claim of the psychoanalytic perspective.
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Define self-concept as Rogers used the term.
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Identify the unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response in Pavlov's experiment.
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What are negative automatic thoughts?
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Who developed social learning theory?
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What is a concordance rate?
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Define aggression as psychologists use the term.
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Give three physical and three psychological signs of stress.
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Describe the main features of bulimia nervosa.
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Name three types of phobia.
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Name the three parts into which Freud divided the personality.
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What did Rogers mean by the ideal self?
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How did a neutral stimulus become a conditioned stimulus in Pavlov's work?
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Define a schema as the cognitive perspective uses the term.
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State the central claim of social learning theory.
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Why do researchers compare identical and non-identical twins?
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How did Freud explain depression?
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How did Freud explain human aggression?
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How does the humanistic perspective explain stress?
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State the main difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
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Describe the typical symptoms a person experiences when confronted with a phobic stimulus.
Take Understanding Human Behaviour further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Unconditional positive regard vs Conditions of worth
Unconditional positive regard: accepting the person whatever they do. Conditions of worth: they make acceptance depend on behaving as expected.
Identification vs Imitation
Identification: adopting a model's whole outlook because of who they are. Imitation: it means copying a single observed act.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Who founded the psychoanalytic perspective in psychology?
Model answer
Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist working from the 1890s until his death in 1939, founded the psychoanalytic perspective.
- 2
State the central claim of the psychoanalytic perspective.
Model answer
The psychoanalytic perspective claims that adult behaviour is driven largely by unconscious conflicts and by experiences in early childhood.
- 3
Name the three parts into which Freud divided the personality.
Model answer
Freud divided the personality into the id, the ego and the superego.
- 4
Describe the id and the principle Freud said it works on.
Model answer
The id is the unconscious, instinctive part of the personality present from birth, and Freud argued it works on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate satisfaction of its urges.
- 5
Describe the ego and its function in Freud's model.
Model answer
The ego is the largely conscious, rational part of the personality that Freud said works on the reality principle, finding socially acceptable ways to satisfy the demands of the id.
- 6
What is the superego, and where did Freud say it came from?
Model answer
The superego is the moral part of the personality containing the conscience and the ego-ideal, and Freud claimed a child internalises it from parents and society at around the age of five.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Understanding Human Behaviour revision questions
- What does Understanding Human Behaviour cover in CCEA A-Level Health and Social Care?
- 12 subtopics: the psychoanalytic perspective and freud's theory of personality, the humanistic perspective and rogers' theory of personality, behaviourism: pavlov, skinner and conditioning, the cognitive perspective: beck and ellis, social learning theory and the bobo doll experiment, the biological perspective on behaviour, perspectives on depression and its treatment, perspectives on aggression and its treatment, perspectives on stress and its management, perspectives on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, perspectives on phobias and their treatment and socio-economic influences on behaviour. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Understanding Human Behaviour organised?
- By the CCEA 0003 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Understanding Human Behaviour, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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