Key term
CCEA A-Level Health and Social Care 0003
Promoting Quality Care
Topic overviewThe values of care and their impact on service usersIndividual rights and choicesAnti-discriminatory practiceRespect, dignity and confidentialityChildren's rights and special educational needs legislationHuman rights and safeguarding legislationDisability discrimination legislationMental health legislation and capacityHealth and safety legislation, COSHH and RIDDORPolicies that promote quality carePoor practice and its impact on people
Communication in Health, Social Care and Early Years Settings
Topic overviewThe range of people staff communicate withVerbal communicationNon-verbal communication and body languageWritten and electronic communicationThe purposes of communication in care settingsConfidentiality and privacy in communicationPhysical and emotional factors that support communicationPractitioners' communication skillsBarriers arising from sensory impairment, illness and disabilityBarriers arising from mental health, language and cultureOvercoming barriers to communicationTeam communication and reflecting on your own practice
Health and Well-Being
Topic overviewConcepts of health, ill-health and diseaseMental health, mental illness and psychological well-beingThe needs of service users and how settings meet themThe effects of ill-health on education, employment, income and relationshipsSocio-economic factors affecting health and well-beingInherited conditions: cystic fibrosis and Huntington's diseaseConditions associated with ageing: osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetesEnvironmental factors: location, pollution and occupational hazardsBehavioural factors: exercise, diet, smoking, alcohol and drug useApproaches to health promotion and personal responsibilityStatutory services and the World Health OrganisationVoluntary, private and commercial providersPrejudice, discrimination and stereotypingAnti-discriminatory practice and equality law in Northern Ireland
Safeguarding Children
Topic overviewPhysical development from one to eight yearsIntellectual and language development from one to eight yearsEmotional and social development from one to eight yearsPromoting development through activities and interactionPiaget and Vygotsky in early years practiceSkinner and Bandura: managing behaviour and modellingErikson and Bowlby: attachment, identity and settling inTypes of abuseIndicators of abuse in childrenSafeguarding responsibilities and the setting's policiesFactors that increase the risk of child abuse
Adult Service Users
Topic overviewKey concepts in work with adults: need, protection, disability, empowerment and person-centred careOlder people: needs and how they are metAdults with physical disabilities: needs and how they are metAdults with learning disabilities: needs and how they are metAdults living with mental ill health: needs and how they are metHealth practitioners working with adult service usersSocial care practitioners and advocacyReablement and the care planning cycleThe Bengoa Report and a new model of health and social careConfidentiality, safeguarding adults and whistle-blowing policiesStatutory, private and voluntary provision and how it is fundedInformal carers and the Carers and Direct Payments Act (Northern Ireland) 2002
Holistic Therapies
Topic overviewThe holistic approach and safe practiceAcupunctureAromatherapyHerbalismReflexologyPilates and kinesiologyMedical approaches: medication, surgery and physiotherapyManaging asthma, high blood pressure and arthritisManaging insomnia, migraine, back pain, depression and irritable bowel syndromeComparing holistic therapies and medical treatmentsCurrent trends, evidence and holistic therapies in care settings
Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness
Topic overviewThe animal cell and its organellesCell specialisation and the four tissue typesThe organisation of the nervous systemThe major areas of the brainNeurones, the reflex arc and the synapseMultiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and strokeThe endocrine glands and their hormonesType 1 and type 2 diabetesThe digestive system and how food is broken downPancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and stomach ulcersThe urinary system and the kidney nephronRenal failure, incontinence and dehydrationLiving with a physiological disorder
Applied Research
Topic overviewChoosing a research topic and writing a rationaleResearch objectives and the hypothesisSearching the literature and using secondary sourcesHarvard referencing and citing sourcesQuestionnaires as a research toolInterviews and interview schedulesObservation and observation chartsValidity and reliability in research designSampling techniques and representativenessEthics in research with people who use servicesCollating and presenting quantitative dataAnalysing results and drawing conclusionsEvaluating the methodology and recommending improvements
Body Systems and Physiological Disorders
Topic overviewThe heart and the cardiac cycleBlood, blood vessels and the double circulationControl of heart rate and blood pressureThe respiratory system, ventilation and gas exchangeBehaviour that protects the heart and lungsNormal ranges for pulse and breathing rates, and causes of deviationMonitoring pulse and breathing safely before and after exercisePresenting and analysing monitoring resultsCoronary heart disease, asthma and other physiological disordersDiagnostic techniques and what each one showsTreatments, care pathways, practitioners and support servicesThe effects of a physiological disorder on everyday life
Providing Services
Topic overviewThe origins of the welfare stateLegislation shaping service provision in Northern IrelandSafeguarding, mental health and disability legislationPolicies in health and social care settingsDemographic trends and their effect on servicesStatutory, private, voluntary and informal providersHow the providers are fundedIntegration, community care and evaluating provisionMeeting physical, intellectual, emotional and social needsAccessing services and routes of referralBarriers to access and how they are overcomeThe roles and specialisms of practitionersInterdisciplinary team workingCodes of practice, regulation and quality assurance
Public Health and Health Promotion
Topic overviewThe concept of public healthPublic health issues in the United KingdomHow public health issues are addressed in Northern IrelandLegislation, taxation and the law as public health toolsThe Public Health Agency and its campaignsApproaches to health promotionEvaluating a health promotion campaignChoosing a topic, an aim and a target groupDelivery methods and materialsDrawing up and justifying the planDesigning tools to evaluate the activityCarrying out and evaluating the activity
Supporting the Family
Topic overviewFamily structures since the Second World WarWhy family structures have changedHow families meet physical and intellectual needsHow families meet emotional and social needsHealth and social care services a family may needStatutory services and how they support familiesThe private sector and informal careVoluntary organisations supporting familiesEffects on families of accessing servicesDomestic violence, child abuse and addictionPoverty, mental illness and bereavement in familiesPoor parenting, behavioural problems, special needs and racism
Understanding Human Behaviour
Topic overviewThe psychoanalytic perspective and Freud's theory of personalityThe humanistic perspective and Rogers' theory of personalityBehaviourism: Pavlov, Skinner and conditioningThe cognitive perspective: Beck and EllisSocial learning theory and the Bobo doll experimentThe biological perspective on behaviourPerspectives on depression and its treatmentPerspectives on aggression and its treatmentPerspectives on stress and its managementPerspectives on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosaPerspectives on phobias and their treatmentSocio-economic influences on behaviour
Human Nutrition and Health
Topic overviewProtein, carbohydrate and fat: functions and sourcesVitamins: functions, sources and deficiencyMinerals, water and dietary fibreCurrent dietary guidance and the bodies that issue itNutritional requirements at each stage of lifeVegan diets and meeting nutritional requirementsEnergy requirements, basal metabolic rate and activity levelsModifying recipes and diets for intolerance and allergyDiet-related conditions of the gut, bowel and teethDiet, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesityFactors influencing food choiceFood hygiene and the safe storage and preparation of foodFood poisoning bacteria, symptoms and food safety enforcement
Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness
- 13 subtopics
- 39 things to know
- AS 7
What Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness covers
Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness is examined in Unit AS 7, Understanding The Physiology Of Health And Illness — a Double Award option, taken instead of AS 5. It covers the animal cell and its organelles, cell specialisation and the four tissue types, the organisation of the nervous system, the major areas of the brain, neurones, the reflex arc and the synapse, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and stroke, the endocrine glands and their hormones, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the digestive system and how food is broken down, pancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and stomach ulcers, the urinary system and the kidney nephron, renal failure, incontinence and dehydration and living with a physiological disorder.
Where it is assessed
AS 7
Understanding The Physiology Of Health And Illness — a written examination.
Check the CCEA specification ↗The 13 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- The animal cell and its organellesFunction of the cell membrane, structure of the cell membrane and job of a ribosome.Open →
- Cell specialisation and the four tissue typesCell specialisation, four main types of tissue in the human body and main job of epithelial tissue.Open →
- The organisation of the nervous systemOverall function of the nervous system, two main divisions of the nervous system and sensory neurone and a motor neurone.Open →
- The major areas of the brainTwo halves of the cerebrum called, four lobes of the cerebrum and function of the cerebellum.Open →
- Neurones, the reflex arc and the synapseReflex action, myelin sheath and node of Ranvier.Open →
- Multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and strokePlaque in multiple sclerosis, three difficulties a person living with multiple sclerosis may experience and relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis.Open →
- The endocrine glands and their hormonesHormones produced by the gonads, three differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system and inter-relationship between the nervous and endocrine systems.Open →
- Type 1 and type 2 diabetesDiabetes mellitus and two long-term complications of poorly controlled diabetes.Open →
- The digestive system and how food is broken downTwo kinds of digestion, three pairs of salivary glands and two functions of the stomach.Open →
- Pancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and stomach ulcersPhysiological cause of acute pancreatitis, two most common causes of acute pancreatitis and cirrhosis of the liver.Open →
- The urinary system and the kidney nephronTwo main roles of the urinary system, main organs of the urinary system and difference between a ureter and the urethra.Open →
- Renal failure, incontinence and dehydrationRenal failure, urinary incontinence and stress incontinence.Open →
- Living with a physiological disorderThe effects of a long-term physiological disorder on work, income, relationships, independence and mental health, and the services and adaptations that support a person living with one.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
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Name two hormones released by the anterior pituitary and state what each does.
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
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What is meant by cell specialisation?
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What is the overall function of the nervous system?
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Which part of the brain is the largest, and what is it responsible for?
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Why is multiple sclerosis described as an autoimmune condition?
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What is diabetes mellitus?
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What are the two kinds of digestion?
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What is pancreatitis?
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State the two main roles of the urinary system.
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What is renal failure?
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Which six areas of life are considered when assessing the impact of a disorder on individuals?
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Describe the structure of the cell membrane.
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Define a tissue.
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What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
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What are the two halves of the cerebrum called?
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What is a reflex action?
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What is a plaque in multiple sclerosis?
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What is a hormone?
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What is the physiological cause of type 1 diabetes?
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What does saliva contain, and what does it do?
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What is the physiological cause of acute pancreatitis?
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Define excretion.
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How does acute renal failure differ from chronic renal failure?
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How can a long-term physiological disorder affect a household's income?
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What does the nucleus do?
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Name the four main types of tissue in the human body.
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Which structures make up the central nervous system?
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Name the four lobes of the cerebrum.
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Why are reflex actions useful?
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Why does loss of myelin slow the nerve impulse?
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How does an endocrine gland differ from an exocrine gland?
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Why is type 1 diabetes described as autoimmune?
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Name the three pairs of salivary glands.
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Name the two most common causes of acute pancreatitis.
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Name the main organs of the urinary system.
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Name three causes of chronic renal failure.
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Which payment helps working-age adults in Northern Ireland with the extra costs of a long-term health condition?
Take Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Excretion vs Osmoregulation
Excretion: the removal of the waste products of metabolism. Osmoregulation: the control of the body's water and salt balance.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Model answer
The cell membrane encloses the cell and controls which substances enter and leave it.
- 2
Describe the structure of the cell membrane.
Model answer
The cell membrane is a double layer of phospholipid molecules with proteins embedded in it, an arrangement described as a fluid mosaic.
- 3
What does the nucleus do?
Model answer
The nucleus holds the cell's DNA and controls the cell's activities, including protein synthesis and cell division.
- 4
What is the nucleolus and what is it for?
Model answer
The nucleolus is a dense region inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes.
- 5
Which organelle releases most of a cell's energy, and how?
Model answer
Mitochondria release most of a cell's energy by aerobic respiration, transferring it to ATP.
- 6
Why do muscle cells contain large numbers of mitochondria?
Model answer
Muscle cells contract repeatedly and need a great deal of ATP, so they carry large numbers of mitochondria to supply it.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness revision questions
- What does Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness cover in CCEA A-Level Health and Social Care?
- 13 subtopics: the animal cell and its organelles, cell specialisation and the four tissue types, the organisation of the nervous system, the major areas of the brain, neurones, the reflex arc and the synapse, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and stroke, the endocrine glands and their hormones, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the digestive system and how food is broken down, pancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and stomach ulcers, the urinary system and the kidney nephron, renal failure, incontinence and dehydration and living with a physiological disorder. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness organised?
- By the CCEA 0003 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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