Key term
CCEA A-Level Health and Social Care 0003
Promoting Quality Care
Topic overviewThe values of care and their impact on service usersIndividual rights and choicesAnti-discriminatory practiceRespect, dignity and confidentialityChildren's rights and special educational needs legislationHuman rights and safeguarding legislationDisability discrimination legislationMental health legislation and capacityHealth and safety legislation, COSHH and RIDDORPolicies that promote quality carePoor practice and its impact on people
Communication in Health, Social Care and Early Years Settings
Topic overviewThe range of people staff communicate withVerbal communicationNon-verbal communication and body languageWritten and electronic communicationThe purposes of communication in care settingsConfidentiality and privacy in communicationPhysical and emotional factors that support communicationPractitioners' communication skillsBarriers arising from sensory impairment, illness and disabilityBarriers arising from mental health, language and cultureOvercoming barriers to communicationTeam communication and reflecting on your own practice
Health and Well-Being
Topic overviewConcepts of health, ill-health and diseaseMental health, mental illness and psychological well-beingThe needs of service users and how settings meet themThe effects of ill-health on education, employment, income and relationshipsSocio-economic factors affecting health and well-beingInherited conditions: cystic fibrosis and Huntington's diseaseConditions associated with ageing: osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetesEnvironmental factors: location, pollution and occupational hazardsBehavioural factors: exercise, diet, smoking, alcohol and drug useApproaches to health promotion and personal responsibilityStatutory services and the World Health OrganisationVoluntary, private and commercial providersPrejudice, discrimination and stereotypingAnti-discriminatory practice and equality law in Northern Ireland
Safeguarding Children
Topic overviewPhysical development from one to eight yearsIntellectual and language development from one to eight yearsEmotional and social development from one to eight yearsPromoting development through activities and interactionPiaget and Vygotsky in early years practiceSkinner and Bandura: managing behaviour and modellingErikson and Bowlby: attachment, identity and settling inTypes of abuseIndicators of abuse in childrenSafeguarding responsibilities and the setting's policiesFactors that increase the risk of child abuse
Adult Service Users
Topic overviewKey concepts in work with adults: need, protection, disability, empowerment and person-centred careOlder people: needs and how they are metAdults with physical disabilities: needs and how they are metAdults with learning disabilities: needs and how they are metAdults living with mental ill health: needs and how they are metHealth practitioners working with adult service usersSocial care practitioners and advocacyReablement and the care planning cycleThe Bengoa Report and a new model of health and social careConfidentiality, safeguarding adults and whistle-blowing policiesStatutory, private and voluntary provision and how it is fundedInformal carers and the Carers and Direct Payments Act (Northern Ireland) 2002
Holistic Therapies
Topic overviewThe holistic approach and safe practiceAcupunctureAromatherapyHerbalismReflexologyPilates and kinesiologyMedical approaches: medication, surgery and physiotherapyManaging asthma, high blood pressure and arthritisManaging insomnia, migraine, back pain, depression and irritable bowel syndromeComparing holistic therapies and medical treatmentsCurrent trends, evidence and holistic therapies in care settings
Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness
Topic overviewThe animal cell and its organellesCell specialisation and the four tissue typesThe organisation of the nervous systemThe major areas of the brainNeurones, the reflex arc and the synapseMultiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and strokeThe endocrine glands and their hormonesType 1 and type 2 diabetesThe digestive system and how food is broken downPancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and stomach ulcersThe urinary system and the kidney nephronRenal failure, incontinence and dehydrationLiving with a physiological disorder
Applied Research
Topic overviewChoosing a research topic and writing a rationaleResearch objectives and the hypothesisSearching the literature and using secondary sourcesHarvard referencing and citing sourcesQuestionnaires as a research toolInterviews and interview schedulesObservation and observation chartsValidity and reliability in research designSampling techniques and representativenessEthics in research with people who use servicesCollating and presenting quantitative dataAnalysing results and drawing conclusionsEvaluating the methodology and recommending improvements
Body Systems and Physiological Disorders
Topic overviewThe heart and the cardiac cycleBlood, blood vessels and the double circulationControl of heart rate and blood pressureThe respiratory system, ventilation and gas exchangeBehaviour that protects the heart and lungsNormal ranges for pulse and breathing rates, and causes of deviationMonitoring pulse and breathing safely before and after exercisePresenting and analysing monitoring resultsCoronary heart disease, asthma and other physiological disordersDiagnostic techniques and what each one showsTreatments, care pathways, practitioners and support servicesThe effects of a physiological disorder on everyday life
Providing Services
Topic overviewThe origins of the welfare stateLegislation shaping service provision in Northern IrelandSafeguarding, mental health and disability legislationPolicies in health and social care settingsDemographic trends and their effect on servicesStatutory, private, voluntary and informal providersHow the providers are fundedIntegration, community care and evaluating provisionMeeting physical, intellectual, emotional and social needsAccessing services and routes of referralBarriers to access and how they are overcomeThe roles and specialisms of practitionersInterdisciplinary team workingCodes of practice, regulation and quality assurance
Public Health and Health Promotion
Topic overviewThe concept of public healthPublic health issues in the United KingdomHow public health issues are addressed in Northern IrelandLegislation, taxation and the law as public health toolsThe Public Health Agency and its campaignsApproaches to health promotionEvaluating a health promotion campaignChoosing a topic, an aim and a target groupDelivery methods and materialsDrawing up and justifying the planDesigning tools to evaluate the activityCarrying out and evaluating the activity
Supporting the Family
Topic overviewFamily structures since the Second World WarWhy family structures have changedHow families meet physical and intellectual needsHow families meet emotional and social needsHealth and social care services a family may needStatutory services and how they support familiesThe private sector and informal careVoluntary organisations supporting familiesEffects on families of accessing servicesDomestic violence, child abuse and addictionPoverty, mental illness and bereavement in familiesPoor parenting, behavioural problems, special needs and racism
Understanding Human Behaviour
Topic overviewThe psychoanalytic perspective and Freud's theory of personalityThe humanistic perspective and Rogers' theory of personalityBehaviourism: Pavlov, Skinner and conditioningThe cognitive perspective: Beck and EllisSocial learning theory and the Bobo doll experimentThe biological perspective on behaviourPerspectives on depression and its treatmentPerspectives on aggression and its treatmentPerspectives on stress and its managementPerspectives on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosaPerspectives on phobias and their treatmentSocio-economic influences on behaviour
Human Nutrition and Health
Topic overviewProtein, carbohydrate and fat: functions and sourcesVitamins: functions, sources and deficiencyMinerals, water and dietary fibreCurrent dietary guidance and the bodies that issue itNutritional requirements at each stage of lifeVegan diets and meeting nutritional requirementsEnergy requirements, basal metabolic rate and activity levelsModifying recipes and diets for intolerance and allergyDiet-related conditions of the gut, bowel and teethDiet, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesityFactors influencing food choiceFood hygiene and the safe storage and preparation of foodFood poisoning bacteria, symptoms and food safety enforcement
Body Systems and Physiological Disorders
Presenting and analysing monitoring results
- 3 things to know
- A2 2
Overview
Appropriate format for recording monitoring results, why pulse rate and breathing rate rise together during exercise and accuracy in the context of these measurements.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What must a results table include?
Key term
Which type of graph suits recovery data, and why?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is an appropriate format for recording monitoring results?
Model answer
Monitoring results are best set out in a table giving each participant's pulse and breathing rate at rest and at each minute after exercise.
- 2
What must a results table include?
Model answer
A results table needs a title, a column for time in minutes and clearly headed columns carrying the unit for each measurement.
- 3
Which type of graph suits recovery data, and why?
Model answer
A line graph suits recovery data because time is continuous, and the line shows the rate falling back towards the resting value.
- 4
How should the axes of a recovery graph be set out?
Model answer
Time is plotted along the horizontal axis and the measured rate up the vertical axis, and each axis is labelled with its unit.
- 5
How can the results for two individuals be compared on one graph?
Model answer
Plotting both participants on the same pair of axes with a key lets their resting rates and their recovery times be compared directly.
- 6
What does analysing the monitoring results involve?
Model answer
Analysing the results means describing how far each rate rose, how long recovery took and how the two participants differed, and suggesting why.
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