Key term
CCEA A-Level Health and Social Care 0003
Promoting Quality Care
Topic overviewThe values of care and their impact on service usersIndividual rights and choicesAnti-discriminatory practiceRespect, dignity and confidentialityChildren's rights and special educational needs legislationHuman rights and safeguarding legislationDisability discrimination legislationMental health legislation and capacityHealth and safety legislation, COSHH and RIDDORPolicies that promote quality carePoor practice and its impact on people
Communication in Health, Social Care and Early Years Settings
Topic overviewThe range of people staff communicate withVerbal communicationNon-verbal communication and body languageWritten and electronic communicationThe purposes of communication in care settingsConfidentiality and privacy in communicationPhysical and emotional factors that support communicationPractitioners' communication skillsBarriers arising from sensory impairment, illness and disabilityBarriers arising from mental health, language and cultureOvercoming barriers to communicationTeam communication and reflecting on your own practice
Health and Well-Being
Topic overviewConcepts of health, ill-health and diseaseMental health, mental illness and psychological well-beingThe needs of service users and how settings meet themThe effects of ill-health on education, employment, income and relationshipsSocio-economic factors affecting health and well-beingInherited conditions: cystic fibrosis and Huntington's diseaseConditions associated with ageing: osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetesEnvironmental factors: location, pollution and occupational hazardsBehavioural factors: exercise, diet, smoking, alcohol and drug useApproaches to health promotion and personal responsibilityStatutory services and the World Health OrganisationVoluntary, private and commercial providersPrejudice, discrimination and stereotypingAnti-discriminatory practice and equality law in Northern Ireland
Safeguarding Children
Topic overviewPhysical development from one to eight yearsIntellectual and language development from one to eight yearsEmotional and social development from one to eight yearsPromoting development through activities and interactionPiaget and Vygotsky in early years practiceSkinner and Bandura: managing behaviour and modellingErikson and Bowlby: attachment, identity and settling inTypes of abuseIndicators of abuse in childrenSafeguarding responsibilities and the setting's policiesFactors that increase the risk of child abuse
Adult Service Users
Topic overviewKey concepts in work with adults: need, protection, disability, empowerment and person-centred careOlder people: needs and how they are metAdults with physical disabilities: needs and how they are metAdults with learning disabilities: needs and how they are metAdults living with mental ill health: needs and how they are metHealth practitioners working with adult service usersSocial care practitioners and advocacyReablement and the care planning cycleThe Bengoa Report and a new model of health and social careConfidentiality, safeguarding adults and whistle-blowing policiesStatutory, private and voluntary provision and how it is fundedInformal carers and the Carers and Direct Payments Act (Northern Ireland) 2002
Holistic Therapies
Topic overviewThe holistic approach and safe practiceAcupunctureAromatherapyHerbalismReflexologyPilates and kinesiologyMedical approaches: medication, surgery and physiotherapyManaging asthma, high blood pressure and arthritisManaging insomnia, migraine, back pain, depression and irritable bowel syndromeComparing holistic therapies and medical treatmentsCurrent trends, evidence and holistic therapies in care settings
Understanding the Physiology of Health and Illness
Topic overviewThe animal cell and its organellesCell specialisation and the four tissue typesThe organisation of the nervous systemThe major areas of the brainNeurones, the reflex arc and the synapseMultiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and strokeThe endocrine glands and their hormonesType 1 and type 2 diabetesThe digestive system and how food is broken downPancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and stomach ulcersThe urinary system and the kidney nephronRenal failure, incontinence and dehydrationLiving with a physiological disorder
Applied Research
Topic overviewChoosing a research topic and writing a rationaleResearch objectives and the hypothesisSearching the literature and using secondary sourcesHarvard referencing and citing sourcesQuestionnaires as a research toolInterviews and interview schedulesObservation and observation chartsValidity and reliability in research designSampling techniques and representativenessEthics in research with people who use servicesCollating and presenting quantitative dataAnalysing results and drawing conclusionsEvaluating the methodology and recommending improvements
Body Systems and Physiological Disorders
Topic overviewThe heart and the cardiac cycleBlood, blood vessels and the double circulationControl of heart rate and blood pressureThe respiratory system, ventilation and gas exchangeBehaviour that protects the heart and lungsNormal ranges for pulse and breathing rates, and causes of deviationMonitoring pulse and breathing safely before and after exercisePresenting and analysing monitoring resultsCoronary heart disease, asthma and other physiological disordersDiagnostic techniques and what each one showsTreatments, care pathways, practitioners and support servicesThe effects of a physiological disorder on everyday life
Providing Services
Topic overviewThe origins of the welfare stateLegislation shaping service provision in Northern IrelandSafeguarding, mental health and disability legislationPolicies in health and social care settingsDemographic trends and their effect on servicesStatutory, private, voluntary and informal providersHow the providers are fundedIntegration, community care and evaluating provisionMeeting physical, intellectual, emotional and social needsAccessing services and routes of referralBarriers to access and how they are overcomeThe roles and specialisms of practitionersInterdisciplinary team workingCodes of practice, regulation and quality assurance
Public Health and Health Promotion
Topic overviewThe concept of public healthPublic health issues in the United KingdomHow public health issues are addressed in Northern IrelandLegislation, taxation and the law as public health toolsThe Public Health Agency and its campaignsApproaches to health promotionEvaluating a health promotion campaignChoosing a topic, an aim and a target groupDelivery methods and materialsDrawing up and justifying the planDesigning tools to evaluate the activityCarrying out and evaluating the activity
Supporting the Family
Topic overviewFamily structures since the Second World WarWhy family structures have changedHow families meet physical and intellectual needsHow families meet emotional and social needsHealth and social care services a family may needStatutory services and how they support familiesThe private sector and informal careVoluntary organisations supporting familiesEffects on families of accessing servicesDomestic violence, child abuse and addictionPoverty, mental illness and bereavement in familiesPoor parenting, behavioural problems, special needs and racism
Understanding Human Behaviour
Topic overviewThe psychoanalytic perspective and Freud's theory of personalityThe humanistic perspective and Rogers' theory of personalityBehaviourism: Pavlov, Skinner and conditioningThe cognitive perspective: Beck and EllisSocial learning theory and the Bobo doll experimentThe biological perspective on behaviourPerspectives on depression and its treatmentPerspectives on aggression and its treatmentPerspectives on stress and its managementPerspectives on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosaPerspectives on phobias and their treatmentSocio-economic influences on behaviour
Human Nutrition and Health
Topic overviewProtein, carbohydrate and fat: functions and sourcesVitamins: functions, sources and deficiencyMinerals, water and dietary fibreCurrent dietary guidance and the bodies that issue itNutritional requirements at each stage of lifeVegan diets and meeting nutritional requirementsEnergy requirements, basal metabolic rate and activity levelsModifying recipes and diets for intolerance and allergyDiet-related conditions of the gut, bowel and teethDiet, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesityFactors influencing food choiceFood hygiene and the safe storage and preparation of foodFood poisoning bacteria, symptoms and food safety enforcement
Body Systems and Physiological Disorders
- 12 subtopics
- 36 things to know
- A2 2
What Body Systems and Physiological Disorders covers
Body Systems and Physiological Disorders is examined in Unit A2 2, Body Systems And Physiological Disorders — compulsory for the Double Award; one of four options for the Single Award. It covers the heart and the cardiac cycle, blood, blood vessels and the double circulation, control of heart rate and blood pressure, the respiratory system, ventilation and gas exchange, behaviour that protects the heart and lungs, normal ranges for pulse and breathing rates, and causes of deviation, monitoring pulse and breathing safely before and after exercise, presenting and analysing monitoring results, coronary heart disease, asthma and other physiological disorders, diagnostic techniques and what each one shows, treatments, care pathways, practitioners and support services and the effects of a physiological disorder on everyday life.
Where it is assessed
A2 2
Body Systems And Physiological Disorders — an internally assessed report.
Check the CCEA specification ↗The 12 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- The heart and the cardiac cycleFour chambers of the human heart, function of the septum and valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.Open →
- Blood, blood vessels and the double circulationThree main types of blood vessel, structure of an artery and relate it to its function and structure of a vein and relate it to its function.Open →
- Control of heart rate and blood pressurePath an electrical impulse takes through the heart, blood pressure and cardiac output and give the relationship used to find it.Open →
- The respiratory system, ventilation and gas exchangeHow mucus and cilia protect the lungs, function of the pleural membranes and what happens to the diaphragm and ribcage during inspiration.Open →
- Behaviour that protects the heart and lungsTwo conditions that make up chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, united Kingdom guideline for low-risk alcohol consumption and body mass index bands used for adults.Open →
- Normal ranges for pulse and breathing rates, and causes of deviationPulse rate and breathing rate.Open →
- Monitoring pulse and breathing safely before and after exerciseHow a pulse is counted by hand, how a breathing rate is counted and four features of a safe environment for monitoring.Open →
- Presenting and analysing monitoring resultsAppropriate format for recording monitoring results, why pulse rate and breathing rate rise together during exercise and accuracy in the context of these measurements.Open →
- Coronary heart disease, asthma and other physiological disordersTerm physiological disorder, what happens during a heart attack and six risk factors for coronary heart disease.Open →
- Diagnostic techniques and what each one showsBlood tests, imaging, tracings and functional tests, what each is able to reveal and what it cannot, how the results are read together, and what the person experiences during each.Open →
- Treatments, care pathways, practitioners and support servicesCare pathway, multidisciplinary team and three kinds of medicine used in coronary heart disease.Open →
- The effects of a physiological disorder on everyday lifeReasonable adjustments at work, double effect a long-term condition can have on household income and how a physiological disorder can change relationships within a family.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Evaluation
Give two limitations of body mass index as a measure.
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Compare a digital pulse monitor with a manual count.
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What can a chest X-ray reveal?
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Why is emotional support part of good practice around diagnostic testing?
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How can a physiological disorder affect a person's work?
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Name the four chambers of the human heart.
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Name the three main types of blood vessel.
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Where is the sinoatrial node, and what does it do?
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Trace the path air takes from the mouth to the site of gas exchange.
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Define breathing rate.
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Describe how a pulse is counted by hand.
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Define the term physiological disorder.
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Who is usually the first point of contact on a care pathway?
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Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, and through which vessel?
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Describe the structure of an artery and relate it to its function.
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Why does the atrioventricular node delay the impulse?
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Why is the trachea supported by rings of cartilage?
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State the normal resting pulse rate range for a healthy adult.
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Why should the thumb not be used to take somebody's pulse?
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What must a results table include?
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Define atherosclerosis.
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Distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary care.
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Explain the double effect a long-term condition can have on household income.
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What is the function of the septum?
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Why do veins contain valves?
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Why is it important that ventricular contraction starts at the apex of the heart?
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Describe how mucus and cilia protect the lungs.
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How does carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke affect the circulatory system?
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State the normal resting breathing rate range for a healthy adult.
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Compare counting for fifteen seconds and multiplying by four with counting for a full minute.
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Which type of graph suits recovery data, and why?
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What is angina, and when does it typically occur?
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Name the three main features of a normal electrocardiogram trace and what each represents.
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What is a multidisciplinary team?
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What financial help may be available to someone unable to work because of a long-term condition?
Take Body Systems and Physiological Disorders further
The same content, four other ways.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Name the four chambers of the human heart.
Model answer
The human heart has a right atrium, a right ventricle, a left atrium and a left ventricle.
- 2
Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, and through which vessel?
Model answer
The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
- 3
Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is the thickest part of the heart.
Model answer
The left ventricle has the thickest muscular wall because it must generate enough pressure to drive blood all the way round the body.
- 4
What is the function of the septum?
Model answer
The septum is the muscular wall dividing the two sides of the heart, and it keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.
- 5
What do the atrioventricular valves do?
Model answer
The atrioventricular valves sit between each atrium and its ventricle and stop blood being forced back into the atria when the ventricles contract.
- 6
Name the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Model answer
The bicuspid valve, also called the mitral valve, lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Body Systems and Physiological Disorders revision questions
- What does Body Systems and Physiological Disorders cover in CCEA A-Level Health and Social Care?
- 12 subtopics: the heart and the cardiac cycle, blood, blood vessels and the double circulation, control of heart rate and blood pressure, the respiratory system, ventilation and gas exchange, behaviour that protects the heart and lungs, normal ranges for pulse and breathing rates, and causes of deviation, monitoring pulse and breathing safely before and after exercise, presenting and analysing monitoring results, coronary heart disease, asthma and other physiological disorders, diagnostic techniques and what each one shows, treatments, care pathways, practitioners and support services and the effects of a physiological disorder on everyday life. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Body Systems and Physiological Disorders organised?
- By the CCEA 0003 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Body Systems and Physiological Disorders, on a schedule.
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