Component 1
Changing Landscapes and Changing Places
- COASTAL LANDSCAPES
- GLACIATED LANDSCAPES
- CHANGING PLACES
- GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS
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- Spec A110QS
- 14 topics
- 234 subtopics
Eduqas A-Level Geography A110QS
Coastal LandscapesLandscape
Topic overviewThe coast as a system: inputs, outputs, stores and transfersSediment sources, sediment cells and dynamic equilibriumTides, currents and wave typesHigh and low energy coastal environmentsFetch, wave refraction and wave reflectionLithology and structural geology at the coastSub-aerial weathering and mass movement at the coastMarine erosion processesCliffs, wave-cut platforms, geos and blowholesHeadlands, bays and the cave to stump sequenceCoastal transport and longshore driftCoastal deposition, flocculation and sediment sortingBeaches, spits and barsTombolos, cuspate forelands and sandy coastlinesCoastal sand dunes and aeolian processesEstuarine coastlines, tidal flats and salt marshesCoral reefs and mangrove coastlinesStorms, seasons and sea level changeCoastal processes and human activityHuman impacts and coastal management
Glaciated LandscapesLandscape
Topic overviewThe glacier as a system: inputs, outputs, stores and transfersThe glacial budget, mass balance and feedbackThe Quaternary Ice Age and the Little Ice AgeCold-based and warm-based glaciersGlacier ice movement and types of flowTypes of ice mass and their distributionFreeze-thaw weathering and glacial erosion processesFactors affecting the rate of glacial erosionCirques, arêtes and pyramidal peaksGlacial troughs, ribbon lakes, hanging valleys and truncated spursRoches moutonnées, crag and tail and striationsGlacial and fluvioglacial transportTill and types of moraineDrumlins and lowland glacial depositionIce-contact fluvioglacial landformsProglacial landforms: sandurs, varves and kettle holesGlacial landscape suites and change over timePeriglacial ground ice and permafrost featuresPeriglacial weathering, mass movement, water and windGlacial landscapes and human activity
Changing Places
Topic overviewPlace characteristics and the home placeA contrasting place: profiles comparedFlows, connections and the shaping of placeGlobal connections and MNC fast food chainsPlace meaning, attachment and identity in the Lake DistrictRepresenting places through advertising and promotionBirmingham Grand Central and the marketed placeFormal, media and popular images comparedStructural employment change and the Clark Fisher modelExternal forces driving economic restructuringDecline of primary employment in rural placesDeindustrialisation, deprivation and social exclusionGovernment policy in deindustrialised placesRetail, commercial and entertainment change in central areasGentrification and re-urbanisationKnowledge economy clusters and their locational factorsRural rebranding and the post-productive countrysideRural management, counter-urbanisation and second homesUrban rebranding: flagship developments and cultural quartersUrban management, conflict and the Covid-19 legacy
Water and Carbon Cycles
Topic overviewSystems, mass balance and the water balanceGlobal water stores, their size and residence timesChanging stores: sea level change and cryospheric processesThe drainage basin as an open systemPrecipitation inputs and interceptionInfiltration, overland flow and throughflowPercolation, groundwater flow, channel flow and basin outputsRiver regimes and the factors that control themThe storm hydrograph: components and shapeClimatic factors influencing storm hydrographsCatchment factors influencing storm hydrographsCloud formation and theories of precipitationExcess runoff: natural and human causesDeficit in the water cycle and aquifer rechargeThe global carbon cycle: stores, fluxes and mass balanceFast carbon pathways between land and atmosphereOcean and atmosphere exchange and the slow carbon cycleCarbon stores in tropical rainforest and temperate grasslandLand-use change and the carbon storePeatlands and the changing carbon storeRising atmospheric carbon, the energy budget and its impactsFeedback, thresholds and permafrost thaw
Global Migration
Topic overviewGlobalisation, global systems and global flowsClassifying migrants and mapping global migration patternsA shrinking world: transport, communication and media representationPoverty, primary commodity prices and access to marketsDiasporas, colonial and Commonwealth links and freedom of movementSuperpowers, global hubs and the competition for migrantsRemittances and the brain drainInterdependency of host and source countriesMigration policies and contested views on cultural changeCauses of refugee movements and internal displacementConsequences of refugee movements for refugees and host statesManaging refugee crises: UNHCR, national governments and NGOsRural push factors, land grabs and indigenous displacementUrban pull factors, export processing zones and megacity growth
Global Governance of the Oceans
Topic overviewSupranational institutions and the law of the seaMaritime zones from the baseline to the high seasChokepoints, canals and piracy in maritime tradeBritain's maritime past and the CommonwealthContainer shipping, oil tankers and shipping regulationSmuggling and people trafficking at seaSeafloor data cables: growth, patterns and usesRisks to seafloor cables and international protectionOwnership of ocean resources and contested sovereigntyUnequal access: landlocked states and indigenous coastal peoplesThe Global Commons and over-exploitation of marine ecosystemsSustainable management: quotas, no-catch zones and conservation zonesSources and consequences of ocean pollutionManaging marine waste and the scales of ocean governance
Tectonic Hazards
Topic overviewEarth's internal structure and plate movementDivergent plate marginsConvergent margins, subduction and collisionConservative margins and hot spotsGlobal distribution of tectonic hazardsThe hazard profile and magnitude scalesTypes of volcano and styles of eruptionPrimary volcanic hazardsSecondary volcanic hazardsImpacts of volcanic activity at local, regional and global scalesContrasting volcanic eruptionsEarthquake characteristics and seismic wavesGround shaking, liquefaction and landslidesTsunami generation and impactsImpacts of earthquakes in contrasting contextsHuman factors affecting risk and vulnerabilityMonitoring, prediction and warningMitigation and the hazard management cycle
EcosystemsContemporary theme
Topic overviewThe value of ecosystems: goods and servicesGlobal distribution of biomes and its climatic controlsThe ecosystem concept, energy flow and trophic levelsNutrient cycling and the Gersmehl modelContrasting nutrient cycles: tropical rainforest and taigaNet primary productivity and limiting factorsMeasuring biodiversityThreats to biodiversity from local to global scaleTropical rainforests and coral reefs at riskWetlands at riskConserving biodiversity: strategies, priorities and fundingSuccession, seres and the climatic climaxSub-climax and plagioclimax communitiesThe Arctic tundra: climate, soils, plants and animalsImpacts of climate change on the Arctic tundraSustainable use and management of the Arctic tundra
Economic Growth and Challenge: IndiaContemporary theme
Topic overviewRelief and drainage patterns of IndiaIndia's climate and the monsoonWater availability and water stressPopulation distribution, growth and structureGovernance, health, education and welfareCaste, gender and cultural influencesResources, relief and climate as opportunity and constraintDroughts, floods and climate variabilityEconomic activity, democracy and the role of governmentThe changing size and structure of India's economyGlobal shift, outsourcing and offshoringIndia's soft power and global governanceEnvironmental pressures of economic growthWater, food and energy security and urban pressuresSustainable development strategies in India
Economic Growth and Challenge: ChinaContemporary theme
Topic overviewRelief and drainage patterns of ChinaChina's climate and the monsoonWater availability and the north-south imbalancePopulation distribution, growth and structureGovernance, health, education and welfareGender and minority groups in ChinaResources, relief and climate as opportunity and constraintDroughts, floods and climate variabilityEconomic activity, modified communism and the role of governmentThe changing size and structure of China's economyGlobal shift, offshoring and the workshop of the worldChina's soft power and global governanceEnvironmental pressures of economic growthWater, food and energy security and urban pressuresSustainable development strategies in China
Development in an African ContextContemporary theme
Topic overviewChanging definitions of developmentSimple, composite and qualitative measures of developmentThe development gap and the development continuumRegional, ethnic and gender variation within countriesThe resource base: minerals and energySoils, relief, climate and water availabilityClimate variability, drought and floodFree trade, trade blocs and protectionismThe resource curse and conflict mineralsMNCs, foreign direct investment and offshoringTourism and fair tradeColonialism, neo-colonialism, governance and corruptionEducation, health, welfare and the position of womenThe environmental costs of developmentDesertification in the SahelStrategies to promote development
Energy Challenges and DilemmasContemporary theme
Topic overviewClassifying energy resourcesFossil fuel stocks, reserves and their global distributionGeological factors in energy supplyInsolation, wind strength and reliabilityRelief, dam sites and hydroelectric powerWaves, tides and biofuels: favourable locationsChanging global patterns of energy demandEconomic and technological influences on energy demandTransfers, storage and the pricing of oil and gasOPEC, national governments and the oil and gas companiesEnvironmental problems of energy extraction, transport and usePolitical, economic and technological problems of energyAppropriate technology and micro-generation in developing countriesNational energy mixes and world energy pricesDemand reduction and energy efficiency policiesClean fossil fuel technologies and the sustainability of alternatives
Weather and ClimateContemporary theme
Topic overviewStructure of the atmosphereThe atmospheric heat budgetGlobal atmospheric circulation and the tricellular modelPressure belts and planetary surface windsOceanic circulation, continentality and altitudeThe world's major climate typesThe ITCZ and seasonal migrationThe monsoon climateThe climate of the UKAir masses affecting the UKThe jet stream and UK weatherENSO and short-term climate changeVulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacityHazards of low- and high-pressure systems and their managementUrban climates and air qualityClimate change: shifting belts, tipping points and response
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewGrid references, coordinates and locating a placeDistance, area, direction and scaleSampling and sources of errorPercentages, ratios, densities and frequenciesMeasures of central tendencyMeasures of dispersionConcentration, ratios and development indicesCorrelation and Spearman RankChi-square and significance testingMapping techniquesGraphs and diagramsDigital and qualitative field techniques
What Eduqas A-Level Geography covers
Eduqas A-Level Geography (entry code A110QS) is the WJEC Eduqas specification, sat in England. It is three written examinations and one independent investigation. Component 1 covers changing landscapes and changing places: a student takes either coastal or glaciated landscapes, then the compulsory study of how places change and how they are represented. Component 2 is global systems and global governance — the water and carbon cycles, global migration, and the governance of the Earth's oceans — and all of it is compulsory. Component 3 is contemporary themes: tectonic hazards for everybody, then two optional themes chosen from ecosystems, economic growth and challenge, energy challenges and dilemmas, and weather and climate. Inside the economic growth theme a student takes India, China or development in an African context. Geographical skills are applied across all three examinations. Component 4 is the non-examined independent investigation, carried out rather than revised, and is not part of this guide.
WJEC Eduqas GCE A Level in Geography, entry code A110QS, approved by Ofqual for teaching in England. Read the Eduqas specification ↗
How it is assessed
Component 2
Global Systems and Global Governance
- WATER AND CARBON CYCLES
- GLOBAL MIGRATION
- GLOBAL GOVERNANCE OF THE OCEANS
- GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS
Component 3
Contemporary Themes in Geography
- TECTONIC HAZARDS
- ECOSYSTEMS
- ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CHALLENGE: INDIA
- ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CHALLENGE: CHINA
- DEVELOPMENT IN AN AFRICAN CONTEXT
- ENERGY CHALLENGES AND DILEMMAS
- WEATHER AND CLIMATE
- GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS
The full specification
14 topics, 234 subtopics. Open any topic to see what is inside it.
01Coastal LandscapesLandscape20 subtopicsOpen topic
- The coast as a system: inputs, outputs, stores and transfers
- Sediment sources, sediment cells and dynamic equilibrium
- Tides, currents and wave types
- High and low energy coastal environments
- Fetch, wave refraction and wave reflection
- Lithology and structural geology at the coast
- Sub-aerial weathering and mass movement at the coast
- Marine erosion processes
- Cliffs, wave-cut platforms, geos and blowholes
- Headlands, bays and the cave to stump sequence
- Coastal transport and longshore drift
- Coastal deposition, flocculation and sediment sorting
- Beaches, spits and bars
- Tombolos, cuspate forelands and sandy coastlines
- Coastal sand dunes and aeolian processes
- Estuarine coastlines, tidal flats and salt marshes
- Coral reefs and mangrove coastlines
- Storms, seasons and sea level change
- Coastal processes and human activity
- Human impacts and coastal management
02Glaciated LandscapesLandscape20 subtopicsOpen topic
- The glacier as a system: inputs, outputs, stores and transfers
- The glacial budget, mass balance and feedback
- The Quaternary Ice Age and the Little Ice Age
- Cold-based and warm-based glaciers
- Glacier ice movement and types of flow
- Types of ice mass and their distribution
- Freeze-thaw weathering and glacial erosion processes
- Factors affecting the rate of glacial erosion
- Cirques, arêtes and pyramidal peaks
- Glacial troughs, ribbon lakes, hanging valleys and truncated spurs
- Roches moutonnées, crag and tail and striations
- Glacial and fluvioglacial transport
- Till and types of moraine
- Drumlins and lowland glacial deposition
- Ice-contact fluvioglacial landforms
- Proglacial landforms: sandurs, varves and kettle holes
- Glacial landscape suites and change over time
- Periglacial ground ice and permafrost features
- Periglacial weathering, mass movement, water and wind
- Glacial landscapes and human activity
03Changing Places20 subtopicsOpen topic
- Place characteristics and the home place
- A contrasting place: profiles compared
- Flows, connections and the shaping of place
- Global connections and MNC fast food chains
- Place meaning, attachment and identity in the Lake District
- Representing places through advertising and promotion
- Birmingham Grand Central and the marketed place
- Formal, media and popular images compared
- Structural employment change and the Clark Fisher model
- External forces driving economic restructuring
- Decline of primary employment in rural places
- Deindustrialisation, deprivation and social exclusion
- Government policy in deindustrialised places
- Retail, commercial and entertainment change in central areas
- Gentrification and re-urbanisation
- Knowledge economy clusters and their locational factors
- Rural rebranding and the post-productive countryside
- Rural management, counter-urbanisation and second homes
- Urban rebranding: flagship developments and cultural quarters
- Urban management, conflict and the Covid-19 legacy
04Water and Carbon Cycles22 subtopicsOpen topic
- Systems, mass balance and the water balance
- Global water stores, their size and residence times
- Changing stores: sea level change and cryospheric processes
- The drainage basin as an open system
- Precipitation inputs and interception
- Infiltration, overland flow and throughflow
- Percolation, groundwater flow, channel flow and basin outputs
- River regimes and the factors that control them
- The storm hydrograph: components and shape
- Climatic factors influencing storm hydrographs
- Catchment factors influencing storm hydrographs
- Cloud formation and theories of precipitation
- Excess runoff: natural and human causes
- Deficit in the water cycle and aquifer recharge
- The global carbon cycle: stores, fluxes and mass balance
- Fast carbon pathways between land and atmosphere
- Ocean and atmosphere exchange and the slow carbon cycle
- Carbon stores in tropical rainforest and temperate grassland
- Land-use change and the carbon store
- Peatlands and the changing carbon store
- Rising atmospheric carbon, the energy budget and its impacts
- Feedback, thresholds and permafrost thaw
05Global Migration14 subtopicsOpen topic
- Globalisation, global systems and global flows
- Classifying migrants and mapping global migration patterns
- A shrinking world: transport, communication and media representation
- Poverty, primary commodity prices and access to markets
- Diasporas, colonial and Commonwealth links and freedom of movement
- Superpowers, global hubs and the competition for migrants
- Remittances and the brain drain
- Interdependency of host and source countries
- Migration policies and contested views on cultural change
- Causes of refugee movements and internal displacement
- Consequences of refugee movements for refugees and host states
- Managing refugee crises: UNHCR, national governments and NGOs
- Rural push factors, land grabs and indigenous displacement
- Urban pull factors, export processing zones and megacity growth
06Global Governance of the Oceans14 subtopicsOpen topic
- Supranational institutions and the law of the sea
- Maritime zones from the baseline to the high seas
- Chokepoints, canals and piracy in maritime trade
- Britain's maritime past and the Commonwealth
- Container shipping, oil tankers and shipping regulation
- Smuggling and people trafficking at sea
- Seafloor data cables: growth, patterns and uses
- Risks to seafloor cables and international protection
- Ownership of ocean resources and contested sovereignty
- Unequal access: landlocked states and indigenous coastal peoples
- The Global Commons and over-exploitation of marine ecosystems
- Sustainable management: quotas, no-catch zones and conservation zones
- Sources and consequences of ocean pollution
- Managing marine waste and the scales of ocean governance
07Tectonic Hazards18 subtopicsOpen topic
- Earth's internal structure and plate movement
- Divergent plate margins
- Convergent margins, subduction and collision
- Conservative margins and hot spots
- Global distribution of tectonic hazards
- The hazard profile and magnitude scales
- Types of volcano and styles of eruption
- Primary volcanic hazards
- Secondary volcanic hazards
- Impacts of volcanic activity at local, regional and global scales
- Contrasting volcanic eruptions
- Earthquake characteristics and seismic waves
- Ground shaking, liquefaction and landslides
- Tsunami generation and impacts
- Impacts of earthquakes in contrasting contexts
- Human factors affecting risk and vulnerability
- Monitoring, prediction and warning
- Mitigation and the hazard management cycle
08EcosystemsContemporary theme16 subtopicsOpen topic
- The value of ecosystems: goods and services
- Global distribution of biomes and its climatic controls
- The ecosystem concept, energy flow and trophic levels
- Nutrient cycling and the Gersmehl model
- Contrasting nutrient cycles: tropical rainforest and taiga
- Net primary productivity and limiting factors
- Measuring biodiversity
- Threats to biodiversity from local to global scale
- Tropical rainforests and coral reefs at risk
- Wetlands at risk
- Conserving biodiversity: strategies, priorities and funding
- Succession, seres and the climatic climax
- Sub-climax and plagioclimax communities
- The Arctic tundra: climate, soils, plants and animals
- Impacts of climate change on the Arctic tundra
- Sustainable use and management of the Arctic tundra
09Economic Growth and Challenge: IndiaContemporary theme15 subtopicsOpen topic
- Relief and drainage patterns of India
- India's climate and the monsoon
- Water availability and water stress
- Population distribution, growth and structure
- Governance, health, education and welfare
- Caste, gender and cultural influences
- Resources, relief and climate as opportunity and constraint
- Droughts, floods and climate variability
- Economic activity, democracy and the role of government
- The changing size and structure of India's economy
- Global shift, outsourcing and offshoring
- India's soft power and global governance
- Environmental pressures of economic growth
- Water, food and energy security and urban pressures
- Sustainable development strategies in India
10Economic Growth and Challenge: ChinaContemporary theme15 subtopicsOpen topic
- Relief and drainage patterns of China
- China's climate and the monsoon
- Water availability and the north-south imbalance
- Population distribution, growth and structure
- Governance, health, education and welfare
- Gender and minority groups in China
- Resources, relief and climate as opportunity and constraint
- Droughts, floods and climate variability
- Economic activity, modified communism and the role of government
- The changing size and structure of China's economy
- Global shift, offshoring and the workshop of the world
- China's soft power and global governance
- Environmental pressures of economic growth
- Water, food and energy security and urban pressures
- Sustainable development strategies in China
11Development in an African ContextContemporary theme16 subtopicsOpen topic
- Changing definitions of development
- Simple, composite and qualitative measures of development
- The development gap and the development continuum
- Regional, ethnic and gender variation within countries
- The resource base: minerals and energy
- Soils, relief, climate and water availability
- Climate variability, drought and flood
- Free trade, trade blocs and protectionism
- The resource curse and conflict minerals
- MNCs, foreign direct investment and offshoring
- Tourism and fair trade
- Colonialism, neo-colonialism, governance and corruption
- Education, health, welfare and the position of women
- The environmental costs of development
- Desertification in the Sahel
- Strategies to promote development
12Energy Challenges and DilemmasContemporary theme16 subtopicsOpen topic
- Classifying energy resources
- Fossil fuel stocks, reserves and their global distribution
- Geological factors in energy supply
- Insolation, wind strength and reliability
- Relief, dam sites and hydroelectric power
- Waves, tides and biofuels: favourable locations
- Changing global patterns of energy demand
- Economic and technological influences on energy demand
- Transfers, storage and the pricing of oil and gas
- OPEC, national governments and the oil and gas companies
- Environmental problems of energy extraction, transport and use
- Political, economic and technological problems of energy
- Appropriate technology and micro-generation in developing countries
- National energy mixes and world energy prices
- Demand reduction and energy efficiency policies
- Clean fossil fuel technologies and the sustainability of alternatives
13Weather and ClimateContemporary theme16 subtopicsOpen topic
- Structure of the atmosphere
- The atmospheric heat budget
- Global atmospheric circulation and the tricellular model
- Pressure belts and planetary surface winds
- Oceanic circulation, continentality and altitude
- The world's major climate types
- The ITCZ and seasonal migration
- The monsoon climate
- The climate of the UK
- Air masses affecting the UK
- The jet stream and UK weather
- ENSO and short-term climate change
- Vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity
- Hazards of low- and high-pressure systems and their management
- Urban climates and air quality
- Climate change: shifting belts, tipping points and response
14Geographical Skills12 subtopicsOpen topic
- Grid references, coordinates and locating a place
- Distance, area, direction and scale
- Sampling and sources of error
- Percentages, ratios, densities and frequencies
- Measures of central tendency
- Measures of dispersion
- Concentration, ratios and development indices
- Correlation and Spearman Rank
- Chi-square and significance testing
- Mapping techniques
- Graphs and diagrams
- Digital and qualitative field techniques
How you work through it
Pick the mode that fits the time you have.
Try three questions
No account needed. Answer from memory first.
Your recallNot started
Process
Explain the mechanism of longshore drift.
Numbers
How does a river dam affect the coast downstream?
Key term
What does it mean to call the coast an open system?
Spaced Repetition Schedule
How reviews are timed
Levo will automatically distribute all of your progress into a spaced repetition calendar. Once you’ve answered, it’s scheduled for you on the next day in the spaced repetition schedule. Over time, the gaps between your recall get bigger, from a day to three years, reinforcing memorisation over a long period of time.
Interval sequence
- 1 day
- 3 days
- 7 days
- 14 days
- 30 days
- 60 days
- 4 months
- 8 months
- 1 year
- 2 years
- 3 years
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material
Geography revision questions
Common questions about revising Eduqas A-Level Geography. Tap any to open it.
How do you memorise Eduqas A-Level Geography?
By testing yourself, not rereading. Active recall, pulling each answer from memory then checking it, builds far stronger memory than highlighting notes. Levo runs the method for you across all 14 Geography topics and brings each one back on a spaced schedule so it stays memorised.
What is the fastest way to revise Geography for Eduqas?
Skip the long notes and go straight to retrieval. Levo turns the A110QS specification into short questions you drill with rapid recall, cram whole papers in one sitting, and a readiness score tells you exactly what is left to learn.
What topics are on Eduqas A-Level Geography (A110QS)?
There are 14 topics, split across 234 subtopics, from Coastal Landscapes, Glaciated Landscapes, Changing Places and more. Every topic is listed above, and each one opens to the subtopics inside it.
What do you get inside Levo for Geography?
Six ways to work the same material. The 3-step method for learning a set, Cram for sorting a whole paper into what you know and what you do not, Blank Blitz for making key facts automatic, Build It for assembling full-mark answers, Test It for catching misconceptions, and Brain Breaks between sessions. A readiness score tracks how much of the subject you have memorised.
Is active recall better than rereading your notes for Geography?
Consistently, yes. Rereading feels productive but fades quickly. Retrieving an answer from memory, the way Levo tests you, is what actually forms durable memory, and it shows you honestly what you do and do not know.
Does Levo cover the whole Eduqas Geography specification?
Every topic on the A110QS specification is covered, written from the published subject content. The full list is above, and each topic opens to its subtopics so you can see exactly what is there before you subscribe.
How can you encourage your teenager to revise?
Make it short, structured and low-pressure. Levo gives a clear daily plan, quick sessions rather than marathon ones, streaks that reward showing up, and an honest readiness score, so revision feels like progress instead of a chore. Parents can add an account and follow along.
Can you revise Geography the night before an exam?
Yes. Cram mode is built for exactly that: fly through a whole paper, sort every topic into red, amber and green, then drill just the reds and ambers you do not know yet. It is the honest version of a last-minute session.
Every question in Geography, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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