Describe a composite volcano.

A composite volcano, or stratovolcano, is a steep cone built from alternating layers of lava and ash. Andesitic magma is viscous, so flows are short and the slopes stay steep.

Name three composite volcanoes.

Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount St Helens in the United States and Cotopaxi in Ecuador are composite volcanoes. All three sit above subduction zones.

Describe a cinder cone.

A cinder cone is a small, steep cone of loose pyroclastic fragments around a single vent. Height is usually less than 300 m and the cone builds quickly.

Give a named example of a cinder cone and say how fast it grew.

Parícutin in Mexico began erupting in a farmer's field in February 1943. The cone reached around 336 m within its first year and activity ceased in 1952.

Eduqas A-Level Geography A110QS

Coastal LandscapesLandscape

Topic overview The coast as a system: inputs, outputs, stores and transfers Sediment sources, sediment cells and dynamic equilibrium Tides, currents and wave types High and low energy coastal environments Fetch, wave refraction and wave reflection Lithology and structural geology at the coast Sub-aerial weathering and mass movement at the coast Marine erosion processes Cliffs, wave-cut platforms, geos and blowholes Headlands, bays and the cave to stump sequence Coastal transport and longshore drift Coastal deposition, flocculation and sediment sorting Beaches, spits and bars Tombolos, cuspate forelands and sandy coastlines Coastal sand dunes and aeolian processes Estuarine coastlines, tidal flats and salt marshes Coral reefs and mangrove coastlines Storms, seasons and sea level change Coastal processes and human activity Human impacts and coastal management

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Global Migration

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Tectonic Hazards

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EcosystemsContemporary theme

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Economic Growth and Challenge: IndiaContemporary theme

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Economic Growth and Challenge: ChinaContemporary theme

Topic overview Relief and drainage patterns of China China's climate and the monsoon Water availability and the north-south imbalance Population distribution, growth and structure Governance, health, education and welfare Gender and minority groups in China Resources, relief and climate as opportunity and constraint Droughts, floods and climate variability Economic activity, modified communism and the role of government The changing size and structure of China's economy Global shift, offshoring and the workshop of the world China's soft power and global governance Environmental pressures of economic growth Water, food and energy security and urban pressures Sustainable development strategies in China

Development in an African ContextContemporary theme

Topic overview Changing definitions of development Simple, composite and qualitative measures of development The development gap and the development continuum Regional, ethnic and gender variation within countries The resource base: minerals and energy Soils, relief, climate and water availability Climate variability, drought and flood Free trade, trade blocs and protectionism The resource curse and conflict minerals MNCs, foreign direct investment and offshoring Tourism and fair trade Colonialism, neo-colonialism, governance and corruption Education, health, welfare and the position of women The environmental costs of development Desertification in the Sahel Strategies to promote development

Energy Challenges and DilemmasContemporary theme

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Weather and ClimateContemporary theme

Topic overview Structure of the atmosphere The atmospheric heat budget Global atmospheric circulation and the tricellular model Pressure belts and planetary surface winds Oceanic circulation, continentality and altitude The world's major climate types The ITCZ and seasonal migration The monsoon climate The climate of the UK Air masses affecting the UK The jet stream and UK weather ENSO and short-term climate change Vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity Hazards of low- and high-pressure systems and their management Urban climates and air quality Climate change: shifting belts, tipping points and response

Geographical Skills

Topic overview Grid references, coordinates and locating a place Distance, area, direction and scale Sampling and sources of error Percentages, ratios, densities and frequencies Measures of central tendency Measures of dispersion Concentration, ratios and development indices Correlation and Spearman Rank Chi-square and significance testing Mapping techniques Graphs and diagrams Digital and qualitative field techniques

Tectonic Hazards

Types of volcano and styles of eruption

3 things to know
Component 3 Section A

Overview

Shield volcano, composite volcano and cinder cone.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What controls whether an eruption is explosive or gentle?

Key term

Describe a shield volcano.

Key term

Name a shield volcano and give its size.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Describe a shield volcano.
Model answer
A shield volcano is a broad, gently sloping cone built from fluid basaltic lava. Slopes are typically 2° to 10°, and the base can be tens of kilometres across.
2
Name a shield volcano and give its size.
Model answer
Mauna Loa in Hawaii is the largest active shield volcano, rising 4,169 m above sea level. Measured from its base on the sea floor, the volcano is over 9,000 m high.
3
Describe a composite volcano.
Model answer
A composite volcano, or stratovolcano, is a steep cone built from alternating layers of lava and ash. Andesitic magma is viscous, so flows are short and the slopes stay steep.
4
Name three composite volcanoes.
Model answer
Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount St Helens in the United States and Cotopaxi in Ecuador are composite volcanoes. All three sit above subduction zones.
5
Describe a cinder cone.
Model answer
A cinder cone is a small, steep cone of loose pyroclastic fragments around a single vent. Height is usually less than 300 m and the cone builds quickly.
6
Give a named example of a cinder cone and say how fast it grew.
Model answer
Parícutin in Mexico began erupting in a farmer's field in February 1943. The cone reached around 336 m within its first year and activity ceased in 1952.

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