What is the rent gap, and how does it explain gentrification?

The rent gap is the difference between the income land currently earns and what it could earn if redeveloped. A wide gap makes investment profitable, which triggers a wave of renovation.

Describe the usual sequence of gentrification in a neighbourhood.

Artists and students arrive first, attracted by cheap space in a run-down district. Renovation, media attention and developer investment follow, and prices rise beyond original residents.

Define re-urbanisation.

Re-urbanisation is the movement of population back into inner urban areas after a period of decline. City centre apartments, student housing and converted warehouses accommodate the returning residents.

Name two British neighbourhoods that have gentrified, and the cities they lie in.

Ancoats in Manchester and the Baltic Triangle in Liverpool have both gentrified rapidly. Former mills and warehouses in each were converted into apartments, bars and studios.

Eduqas A-Level Geography A110QS

Coastal LandscapesLandscape

Topic overview The coast as a system: inputs, outputs, stores and transfers Sediment sources, sediment cells and dynamic equilibrium Tides, currents and wave types High and low energy coastal environments Fetch, wave refraction and wave reflection Lithology and structural geology at the coast Sub-aerial weathering and mass movement at the coast Marine erosion processes Cliffs, wave-cut platforms, geos and blowholes Headlands, bays and the cave to stump sequence Coastal transport and longshore drift Coastal deposition, flocculation and sediment sorting Beaches, spits and bars Tombolos, cuspate forelands and sandy coastlines Coastal sand dunes and aeolian processes Estuarine coastlines, tidal flats and salt marshes Coral reefs and mangrove coastlines Storms, seasons and sea level change Coastal processes and human activity Human impacts and coastal management

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Changing Places

Topic overview Place characteristics and the home place A contrasting place: profiles compared Flows, connections and the shaping of place Global connections and MNC fast food chains Place meaning, attachment and identity in the Lake District Representing places through advertising and promotion Birmingham Grand Central and the marketed place Formal, media and popular images compared Structural employment change and the Clark Fisher model External forces driving economic restructuring Decline of primary employment in rural places Deindustrialisation, deprivation and social exclusion Government policy in deindustrialised places Retail, commercial and entertainment change in central areas Gentrification and re-urbanisation Knowledge economy clusters and their locational factors Rural rebranding and the post-productive countryside Rural management, counter-urbanisation and second homes Urban rebranding: flagship developments and cultural quarters Urban management, conflict and the Covid-19 legacy

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Global Migration

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Global Governance of the Oceans

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EcosystemsContemporary theme

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Economic Growth and Challenge: IndiaContemporary theme

Topic overview Relief and drainage patterns of India India's climate and the monsoon Water availability and water stress Population distribution, growth and structure Governance, health, education and welfare Caste, gender and cultural influences Resources, relief and climate as opportunity and constraint Droughts, floods and climate variability Economic activity, democracy and the role of government The changing size and structure of India's economy Global shift, outsourcing and offshoring India's soft power and global governance Environmental pressures of economic growth Water, food and energy security and urban pressures Sustainable development strategies in India

Economic Growth and Challenge: ChinaContemporary theme

Topic overview Relief and drainage patterns of China China's climate and the monsoon Water availability and the north-south imbalance Population distribution, growth and structure Governance, health, education and welfare Gender and minority groups in China Resources, relief and climate as opportunity and constraint Droughts, floods and climate variability Economic activity, modified communism and the role of government The changing size and structure of China's economy Global shift, offshoring and the workshop of the world China's soft power and global governance Environmental pressures of economic growth Water, food and energy security and urban pressures Sustainable development strategies in China

Development in an African ContextContemporary theme

Topic overview Changing definitions of development Simple, composite and qualitative measures of development The development gap and the development continuum Regional, ethnic and gender variation within countries The resource base: minerals and energy Soils, relief, climate and water availability Climate variability, drought and flood Free trade, trade blocs and protectionism The resource curse and conflict minerals MNCs, foreign direct investment and offshoring Tourism and fair trade Colonialism, neo-colonialism, governance and corruption Education, health, welfare and the position of women The environmental costs of development Desertification in the Sahel Strategies to promote development

Energy Challenges and DilemmasContemporary theme

Topic overview Classifying energy resources Fossil fuel stocks, reserves and their global distribution Geological factors in energy supply Insolation, wind strength and reliability Relief, dam sites and hydroelectric power Waves, tides and biofuels: favourable locations Changing global patterns of energy demand Economic and technological influences on energy demand Transfers, storage and the pricing of oil and gas OPEC, national governments and the oil and gas companies Environmental problems of energy extraction, transport and use Political, economic and technological problems of energy Appropriate technology and micro-generation in developing countries National energy mixes and world energy prices Demand reduction and energy efficiency policies Clean fossil fuel technologies and the sustainability of alternatives

Weather and ClimateContemporary theme

Topic overview Structure of the atmosphere The atmospheric heat budget Global atmospheric circulation and the tricellular model Pressure belts and planetary surface winds Oceanic circulation, continentality and altitude The world's major climate types The ITCZ and seasonal migration The monsoon climate The climate of the UK Air masses affecting the UK The jet stream and UK weather ENSO and short-term climate change Vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity Hazards of low- and high-pressure systems and their management Urban climates and air quality Climate change: shifting belts, tipping points and response

Geographical Skills

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Changing Places

Gentrification and re-urbanisation

2 things to know
Component 1 Section B

Overview

Rent gap, usual sequence of gentrification in a neighbourhood and two British neighbourhoods that have gentrified.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Numbers

Who coined the term gentrification, and when?

Key term

Define gentrification.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Who coined the term gentrification, and when?
Model answer
Ruth Glass coined the term gentrification in 1964 to describe change in inner London. Glass observed middle-class buyers taking over working-class terraces in districts such as Islington.
2
Define gentrification.
Model answer
Gentrification is the movement of wealthier residents into a poorer inner-urban area, upgrading its housing. Rents and property values rise, and lower-income households are gradually displaced.
3
What is the rent gap, and how does it explain gentrification?
Model answer
The rent gap is the difference between the income land currently earns and what it could earn if redeveloped. A wide gap makes investment profitable, which triggers a wave of renovation.
4
Describe the usual sequence of gentrification in a neighbourhood.
Model answer
Artists and students arrive first, attracted by cheap space in a run-down district. Renovation, media attention and developer investment follow, and prices rise beyond original residents.
5
Define re-urbanisation.
Model answer
Re-urbanisation is the movement of population back into inner urban areas after a period of decline. City centre apartments, student housing and converted warehouses accommodate the returning residents.
6
Name two British neighbourhoods that have gentrified, and the cities they lie in.
Model answer
Ancoats in Manchester and the Baltic Triangle in Liverpool have both gentrified rapidly. Former mills and warehouses in each were converted into apartments, bars and studios.

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ACustomary rights are often unwritten.

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