Global Governance of the Oceans

What Global Governance of the Oceans covers

Global Governance of the Oceans is examined in Component 2, Global Systems and Global Governance. It covers supranational institutions and the law of the sea, maritime zones from the baseline to the high seas, chokepoints, canals and piracy in maritime trade, Britain's maritime past and the Commonwealth, container shipping, oil tankers and shipping regulation, smuggling and people trafficking at sea, Seafloor data cables: growth, patterns and uses, risks to seafloor cables and international protection, ownership of ocean resources and contested sovereignty, unequal access: landlocked states and indigenous coastal peoples, the Global Commons and over-exploitation of marine ecosystems, sustainable management: quotas, no-catch zones and conservation zones, sources and consequences of ocean pollution and managing marine waste and the scales of ocean governance.

The 14 subtopics

Each one has its own page.

• Supranational institutions and the law of the seaSupranational institution, international Maritime Organization and NATO's role at sea.Open →
• Maritime zones from the baseline to the high seasBaseline in the law of the sea, internal waters and innocent passage.Open →
• Chokepoints, canals and piracy in maritime tradeMaritime chokepoint and malacca dilemma.Open →
• Britain's maritime past and the CommonwealthCoaling stations, commonwealth Blue Charter and blue Belt programme.Open →
• Container shipping, oil tankers and shipping regulationPort that moved because of containerisation, flag of convenience and very large crude carrier.Open →
• Smuggling and people trafficking at seaDifference between people smuggling and human trafficking, central Mediterranean smuggling route and operation Atalanta.Open →
• Seafloor data cables: growth, patterns and usesThe cables that carry almost all intercontinental internet traffic: where they run, who lays and owns them, and why a physical line on the ocean floor still beats satellite for capacity.Open →
• Risks to seafloor cables and international protectionCommonest cause of cable damage, turbidity current and oldest treaty protecting submarine cables.Open →
• Ownership of ocean resources and contested sovereigntyPolymetallic nodules, nine-dash line and lomonosov Ridge.Open →
• Unequal access: landlocked states and indigenous coastal peoplesWho loses out when ocean resources are divided by coastline — the forty-odd states with no coast at all, and coastal peoples whose customary rights sit awkwardly with national sovereignty.Open →
• The Global Commons and over-exploitation of marine ecosystemsGlobal commons, tragedy of the commons and common heritage of mankind.Open →
• Sustainable management: quotas, no-catch zones and conservation zonesMaximum sustainable yield, landing obligation and no-take zone.Open →
• Sources and consequences of ocean pollutionTerrestrial run-off, gulf of Mexico dead zone and garbage patch.Open →
• Managing marine waste and the scales of ocean governanceLondon Convention, EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive and national measure that cut plastic waste.Open →

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Take Global Governance of the Oceans further

The same content, four other ways.

Commonly confused

Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.

• The Area vs The high seas

  The Area: the seabed beyond national jurisdiction, managed by the ISA. The high seas: the water column above it, open to all.

Questions from this topic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   What is a supranational institution?

   Model answer

   A supranational institution is a body to which member states transfer some decision-making power. The European Union and the United Nations are examples of very different strength.

2. 2

   What role does the United Nations play in ocean governance?

   Model answer

   The United Nations, founded in 1945, provides the forum in which ocean treaties are negotiated. Specialised agencies then handle shipping, fisheries, heritage and the deep seabed.

3. 3

   What does UNESCO contribute to ocean governance?

   Model answer

   UNESCO designates marine World Heritage sites and runs the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. A separate convention of 2001 protects underwater cultural heritage such as wrecks.

4. 4

   What is the International Maritime Organization?

   Model answer

   The International Maritime Organization is the United Nations agency responsible for shipping safety and marine pollution. The agency has been based in London since it began work in 1959.

5. 5

   Which countries make up the G7?

   Model answer

   The G7 comprises Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Union also attends its meetings.

6. 6

   Why is the group sometimes called the G8?

   Model answer

   Russia joined the group in 1998, making it the G8. Russian membership was suspended in 2014 after the annexation of Crimea.

What is inside Levo

Six ways to work the same material.

Global Governance of the Oceans revision questions

What does Global Governance of the Oceans cover in Eduqas A-Level Geography?

14 subtopics: supranational institutions and the law of the sea, maritime zones from the baseline to the high seas, chokepoints, canals and piracy in maritime trade, britain's maritime past and the commonwealth, container shipping, oil tankers and shipping regulation, smuggling and people trafficking at sea, seafloor data cables: growth, patterns and uses, risks to seafloor cables and international protection, ownership of ocean resources and contested sovereignty, unequal access: landlocked states and indigenous coastal peoples, the global commons and over-exploitation of marine ecosystems, sustainable management: quotas, no-catch zones and conservation zones, sources and consequences of ocean pollution and managing marine waste and the scales of ocean governance. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.

How is Global Governance of the Oceans organised?

By the Eduqas A110QS specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.