Which earthquake destroyed San Francisco, and what was its magnitude?

The San Francisco earthquake of 18 April 1906 is estimated at moment magnitude 7.9. Around 3,000 deaths are attributed to the shaking and the fires that followed.

Name a conservative margin outside the United States.

The North Anatolian Fault carries the Anatolian Plate westwards past the Eurasian Plate across northern Turkey. The fault extends for around 1,500 km.

Describe the İzmit earthquake of 1999.

The İzmit earthquake of 17 August 1999 on the North Anatolian Fault reached moment magnitude 7.6. Official figures compiled by 2000 recorded more than 17,000 deaths.

Eduqas A-Level Geography A110QS

Coastal LandscapesLandscape

Topic overview The coast as a system: inputs, outputs, stores and transfers Sediment sources, sediment cells and dynamic equilibrium Tides, currents and wave types High and low energy coastal environments Fetch, wave refraction and wave reflection Lithology and structural geology at the coast Sub-aerial weathering and mass movement at the coast Marine erosion processes Cliffs, wave-cut platforms, geos and blowholes Headlands, bays and the cave to stump sequence Coastal transport and longshore drift Coastal deposition, flocculation and sediment sorting Beaches, spits and bars Tombolos, cuspate forelands and sandy coastlines Coastal sand dunes and aeolian processes Estuarine coastlines, tidal flats and salt marshes Coral reefs and mangrove coastlines Storms, seasons and sea level change Coastal processes and human activity Human impacts and coastal management

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Weather and ClimateContemporary theme

Topic overview Structure of the atmosphere The atmospheric heat budget Global atmospheric circulation and the tricellular model Pressure belts and planetary surface winds Oceanic circulation, continentality and altitude The world's major climate types The ITCZ and seasonal migration The monsoon climate The climate of the UK Air masses affecting the UK The jet stream and UK weather ENSO and short-term climate change Vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity Hazards of low- and high-pressure systems and their management Urban climates and air quality Climate change: shifting belts, tipping points and response

Geographical Skills

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Tectonic Hazards

Conservative margins and hot spots

3 things to know
Component 3 Section A

Overview

San Andreas Fault, conservative margin outside the United States and elastic rebound theory.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What happens at a conservative plate margin?

Key term

Why are there no volcanoes at conservative margins?

Key term

Describe the San Andreas Fault.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What happens at a conservative plate margin?
Model answer
Two plates slide past one another, and no crust is created or destroyed. Friction locks the fault until the stored stress is released as an earthquake.
2
Why are there no volcanoes at conservative margins?
Model answer
Neither plate descends into the mantle, so no additional melting takes place. Lack of a magma supply means earthquakes occur without eruptions.
3
Describe the San Andreas Fault.
Model answer
The San Andreas Fault runs about 1,300 km through California, where the Pacific Plate slides north-west past the North American Plate. Relative movement averages around 5 cm yr⁻¹.
4
Which earthquake destroyed San Francisco, and what was its magnitude?
Model answer
The San Francisco earthquake of 18 April 1906 is estimated at moment magnitude 7.9. Around 3,000 deaths are attributed to the shaking and the fires that followed.
5
Name a conservative margin outside the United States.
Model answer
The North Anatolian Fault carries the Anatolian Plate westwards past the Eurasian Plate across northern Turkey. The fault extends for around 1,500 km.
6
Describe the İzmit earthquake of 1999.
Model answer
The İzmit earthquake of 17 August 1999 on the North Anatolian Fault reached moment magnitude 7.6. Official figures compiled by 2000 recorded more than 17,000 deaths.

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