What role does the Tibetan Plateau play in the monsoon?

The elevated plateau heats strongly in summer and warms the air above it. The resulting upper-air pattern helps establish and strengthen the monsoon circulation.

How does the position of the jet stream affect monsoon onset?

The subtropical jet stream sits south of the Himalayas in winter and suppresses uplift. Onset follows when the jet migrates north of the plateau in early summer.

Describe the wind direction and moisture of the summer monsoon.

The summer monsoon blows from the south-west off the Indian Ocean. The air is warm and heavily laden with moisture.

Eduqas A-Level Geography A110QS

Coastal LandscapesLandscape

Topic overview The coast as a system: inputs, outputs, stores and transfers Sediment sources, sediment cells and dynamic equilibrium Tides, currents and wave types High and low energy coastal environments Fetch, wave refraction and wave reflection Lithology and structural geology at the coast Sub-aerial weathering and mass movement at the coast Marine erosion processes Cliffs, wave-cut platforms, geos and blowholes Headlands, bays and the cave to stump sequence Coastal transport and longshore drift Coastal deposition, flocculation and sediment sorting Beaches, spits and bars Tombolos, cuspate forelands and sandy coastlines Coastal sand dunes and aeolian processes Estuarine coastlines, tidal flats and salt marshes Coral reefs and mangrove coastlines Storms, seasons and sea level change Coastal processes and human activity Human impacts and coastal management

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Changing Places

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EcosystemsContemporary theme

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Economic Growth and Challenge: IndiaContemporary theme

Topic overview Relief and drainage patterns of India India's climate and the monsoon Water availability and water stress Population distribution, growth and structure Governance, health, education and welfare Caste, gender and cultural influences Resources, relief and climate as opportunity and constraint Droughts, floods and climate variability Economic activity, democracy and the role of government The changing size and structure of India's economy Global shift, outsourcing and offshoring India's soft power and global governance Environmental pressures of economic growth Water, food and energy security and urban pressures Sustainable development strategies in India

Economic Growth and Challenge: ChinaContemporary theme

Topic overview Relief and drainage patterns of China China's climate and the monsoon Water availability and the north-south imbalance Population distribution, growth and structure Governance, health, education and welfare Gender and minority groups in China Resources, relief and climate as opportunity and constraint Droughts, floods and climate variability Economic activity, modified communism and the role of government The changing size and structure of China's economy Global shift, offshoring and the workshop of the world China's soft power and global governance Environmental pressures of economic growth Water, food and energy security and urban pressures Sustainable development strategies in China

Development in an African ContextContemporary theme

Topic overview Changing definitions of development Simple, composite and qualitative measures of development The development gap and the development continuum Regional, ethnic and gender variation within countries The resource base: minerals and energy Soils, relief, climate and water availability Climate variability, drought and flood Free trade, trade blocs and protectionism The resource curse and conflict minerals MNCs, foreign direct investment and offshoring Tourism and fair trade Colonialism, neo-colonialism, governance and corruption Education, health, welfare and the position of women The environmental costs of development Desertification in the Sahel Strategies to promote development

Energy Challenges and DilemmasContemporary theme

Topic overview Classifying energy resources Fossil fuel stocks, reserves and their global distribution Geological factors in energy supply Insolation, wind strength and reliability Relief, dam sites and hydroelectric power Waves, tides and biofuels: favourable locations Changing global patterns of energy demand Economic and technological influences on energy demand Transfers, storage and the pricing of oil and gas OPEC, national governments and the oil and gas companies Environmental problems of energy extraction, transport and use Political, economic and technological problems of energy Appropriate technology and micro-generation in developing countries National energy mixes and world energy prices Demand reduction and energy efficiency policies Clean fossil fuel technologies and the sustainability of alternatives

Weather and ClimateContemporary theme

Topic overview Structure of the atmosphere The atmospheric heat budget Global atmospheric circulation and the tricellular model Pressure belts and planetary surface winds Oceanic circulation, continentality and altitude The world's major climate types The ITCZ and seasonal migration The monsoon climate The climate of the UK Air masses affecting the UK The jet stream and UK weather ENSO and short-term climate change Vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity Hazards of low- and high-pressure systems and their management Urban climates and air quality Climate change: shifting belts, tipping points and response

Geographical Skills

Topic overview Grid references, coordinates and locating a place Distance, area, direction and scale Sampling and sources of error Percentages, ratios, densities and frequencies Measures of central tendency Measures of dispersion Concentration, ratios and development indices Correlation and Spearman Rank Chi-square and significance testing Mapping techniques Graphs and diagrams Digital and qualitative field techniques

Weather and Climate

The monsoon climate

3 things to know
Component 3 Section B

Overview

Monsoon climate, traditional thermal explanation of the south-west monsoon and wind direction and moisture of the summer monsoon.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Define a monsoon climate.

Key term

Which region has the world's most pronounced monsoon?

Key term

Explain the traditional thermal explanation of the south-west monsoon.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Define a monsoon climate.
Model answer
A monsoon climate is one with a complete seasonal reversal of the prevailing wind. The reversal brings a pronounced wet season and a pronounced dry season.
2
Which region has the world's most pronounced monsoon?
Model answer
South and South-East Asia has the most pronounced monsoon, centred on the Indian subcontinent.
3
Explain the traditional thermal explanation of the south-west monsoon.
Model answer
Intense summer heating over the Asian landmass creates deep low pressure. Moist air is drawn in from the Indian Ocean towards that low.
4
What role does the Tibetan Plateau play in the monsoon?
Model answer
The elevated plateau heats strongly in summer and warms the air above it. The resulting upper-air pattern helps establish and strengthen the monsoon circulation.
5
How does the position of the jet stream affect monsoon onset?
Model answer
The subtropical jet stream sits south of the Himalayas in winter and suppresses uplift. Onset follows when the jet migrates north of the plateau in early summer.
6
Describe the wind direction and moisture of the summer monsoon.
Model answer
The summer monsoon blows from the south-west off the Indian Ocean. The air is warm and heavily laden with moisture.

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