Explain how ice thickness influences erosion.

Thick ice presses the basal debris harder against the bedrock, which increases abrasion. Very thick ice can, however, press so hard that the debris stops moving and abrasion falls.

How does bedrock permeability affect glacial erosion?

Permeable bedrock lets basal meltwater drain away into the rock. Less water remains at the bed, so sliding and plucking are both reduced.

Why does jointing increase the rate of erosion?

Joints divide the rock into blocks that meltwater can penetrate and freeze around. Plucking can then remove whole blocks rather than single grains.

How does the amount of basal debris affect abrasion?

A moderate load of hard, angular debris gives the fastest abrasion. Too little debris leaves nothing to cut with, and too much clogs the base and slows sliding.

Eduqas A-Level Geography A110QS

Coastal LandscapesLandscape

Topic overview The coast as a system: inputs, outputs, stores and transfers Sediment sources, sediment cells and dynamic equilibrium Tides, currents and wave types High and low energy coastal environments Fetch, wave refraction and wave reflection Lithology and structural geology at the coast Sub-aerial weathering and mass movement at the coast Marine erosion processes Cliffs, wave-cut platforms, geos and blowholes Headlands, bays and the cave to stump sequence Coastal transport and longshore drift Coastal deposition, flocculation and sediment sorting Beaches, spits and bars Tombolos, cuspate forelands and sandy coastlines Coastal sand dunes and aeolian processes Estuarine coastlines, tidal flats and salt marshes Coral reefs and mangrove coastlines Storms, seasons and sea level change Coastal processes and human activity Human impacts and coastal management

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Glaciated Landscapes

Factors affecting the rate of glacial erosion

2 things to know
Component 1 Section A

Overview

How ice thickness influences erosion and why altitude and aspect influence how much erosion occurs.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Why does the basal thermal regime control the rate of erosion?

Key term

How does ice velocity affect erosion?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Why does the basal thermal regime control the rate of erosion?
Model answer
Warm-based ice slides over its bed and carries meltwater, so abrasion and plucking both operate. Cold-based ice is frozen to the rock and can do almost nothing.
2
How does ice velocity affect erosion?
Model answer
Faster ice drags its debris load across the bedrock more often in a given time. Rates of abrasion rise roughly in proportion to the sliding speed.
3
Explain how ice thickness influences erosion.
Model answer
Thick ice presses the basal debris harder against the bedrock, which increases abrasion. Very thick ice can, however, press so hard that the debris stops moving and abrasion falls.
4
How does bedrock permeability affect glacial erosion?
Model answer
Permeable bedrock lets basal meltwater drain away into the rock. Less water remains at the bed, so sliding and plucking are both reduced.
5
Why does jointing increase the rate of erosion?
Model answer
Joints divide the rock into blocks that meltwater can penetrate and freeze around. Plucking can then remove whole blocks rather than single grains.
6
How does the amount of basal debris affect abrasion?
Model answer
A moderate load of hard, angular debris gives the fastest abrasion. Too little debris leaves nothing to cut with, and too much clogs the base and slows sliding.

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