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Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems and Robotics

The knowledge base and the inference engine

  • 3 things to know
  • A2 Unit 1

Overview

Held in the knowledge base of an expert system, production rule from a plant diagnosis system and inference engine.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is held in the knowledge base of an expert system?

Key term

In what form is knowledge most commonly stored in an expert system?

Key term

Give an example of a production rule from a plant diagnosis system.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is held in the knowledge base of an expert system?

    Model answer

    The knowledge base holds the facts and rules about the subject field, gathered from human experts and written in a form the inference engine can process.

  2. 2

    In what form is knowledge most commonly stored in an expert system?

    Model answer

    Knowledge in an expert system is most commonly stored as production rules of the IF-THEN form, where the IF part states the conditions and the THEN part states the conclusion or action.

  3. 3

    Give an example of a production rule from a plant diagnosis system.

    Model answer

    A production rule might read: IF the leaves are yellow AND the soil is waterlogged THEN the likely cause is root rot.

  4. 4

    What is the inference engine?

    Model answer

    The inference engine is the reasoning component of an expert system. Facts about the current case are matched against the rules in the knowledge base to see what conclusions follow.

  5. 5

    Explain how forward chaining works.

    Model answer

    Forward chaining starts from the facts already known and repeatedly fires every rule whose conditions are satisfied, adding the new facts that result until a conclusion is reached.

  6. 6

    Explain how backward chaining works.

    Model answer

    Backward chaining starts from a possible conclusion and works backwards through the rules. The user is asked for exactly the facts each rule needs to prove or eliminate that conclusion.

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