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Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems and Robotics

The technology of robotics

  • 3 things to know
  • A2 Unit 1

Overview

Main parts of an industrial robot, end effector and degrees of freedom as applied to a robot arm.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Name the main parts of an industrial robot.

Key term

What does a machine vision system contribute to a robot cell?

Key term

What is a robot?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is a robot?

    Model answer

    A robot is a programmable machine that senses its surroundings, processes what it senses and acts on the physical world through motors and tools, without a person directing each individual movement.

  2. 2

    Name the main parts of an industrial robot.

    Model answer

    An industrial robot is built from a mechanical structure such as a jointed arm, actuators that move it, sensors that report position and surroundings, a controller that runs the program and an end effector that does the work.

  3. 3

    What is an actuator?

    Model answer

    An actuator is the component that converts electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic energy into movement, and one actuator drives each joint of a robot.

  4. 4

    Distinguish a stepper motor from a servo motor in robotics.

    Model answer

    A stepper motor moves in fixed increments and can be positioned by counting steps, while a servo motor uses feedback from an encoder to reach and hold a position accurately even under changing load.

  5. 5

    What is an end effector? Give two examples.

    Model answer

    An end effector is the tool fitted at the end of a robot arm, and examples include a two-finger gripper for picking up components and a welding head for joining panels.

  6. 6

    Define degrees of freedom as applied to a robot arm.

    Model answer

    Degrees of freedom is the number of independent ways a robot can move, one for each joint, and an arm with six of them can reach a point in any position and at any orientation.

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