On what grounds did William of Normandy claim the English throne?

He said Edward had promised him the succession in 1051 and that Harold Godwinson had sworn in 1064 to help him win it, and he was Edward’s cousin through Emma of Normandy.

What did William stand to gain from taking England?

England was far richer than Normandy, its conquest would make him a king rather than a duke, and its land could reward the barons whose loyalty he needed.

What was Harald Hardrada’s claim to England?

He inherited an agreement between Magnus of Norway and Harthacnut that whichever of them outlived the other should take his kingdom.

Why did Harald Hardrada believe 1066 was his moment?

He was a famous warrior with a large fleet, and Tostig came to him offering support and promising that the north would rise for him.

Who was Edgar the Aethling, and why was he passed over in January 1066?

Edward’s great-nephew and the last male of the old royal line, but he was only about fourteen and had neither an army nor powerful backers.

What part did the Witan play in January 1066?

It met as soon as Edward died and chose Harold Godwinson as king, so his rule had the backing of England’s leading men.

Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0

Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88British depth

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Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88

The rival claimants for the throne

2 things to know
Paper 2 booklet B

Overview

The claims of William of Normandy, Harald Hardrada and Edgar the Aethling, the Witan's choice of Harold, his coronation and coastal defence, and the battles of Gate Fulford and Stamford Bridge.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Numbers

When was Harold Godwinson crowned, and why so quickly?

Key term

What happened at the Battle of Gate Fulford in September 1066?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
On what grounds did William of Normandy claim the English throne?
Model answer
He said Edward had promised him the succession in 1051 and that Harold Godwinson had sworn in 1064 to help him win it, and he was Edward’s cousin through Emma of Normandy.
2
What did William stand to gain from taking England?
Model answer
England was far richer than Normandy, its conquest would make him a king rather than a duke, and its land could reward the barons whose loyalty he needed.
3
What was Harald Hardrada’s claim to England?
Model answer
He inherited an agreement between Magnus of Norway and Harthacnut that whichever of them outlived the other should take his kingdom.
4
Why did Harald Hardrada believe 1066 was his moment?
Model answer
He was a famous warrior with a large fleet, and Tostig came to him offering support and promising that the north would rise for him.
5
Who was Edgar the Aethling, and why was he passed over in January 1066?
Model answer
Edward’s great-nephew and the last male of the old royal line, but he was only about fourteen and had neither an army nor powerful backers.
6
What part did the Witan play in January 1066?
Model answer
It met as soon as Edward died and chose Harold Godwinson as king, so his rule had the backing of England’s leading men.

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Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88

British America, 1713–83: Empire and Revolution

Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95

Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present

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