Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0
Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88British depth
British America, 1713–83: Empire and RevolutionPeriod study
Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95Period study
Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–presentPaper 1 option
Early Elizabethan England, 1558–88British depth
Henry VIII and His Ministers, 1509–40British depth
London and the Second World War, 1939–45Paper 1 option
Mao’s China, 1945–76Modern depth
Medicine in Britain, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Migrants in Britain, c800–presentPaper 1 option
Notting Hill, c1948–c1970Paper 1 option
Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41Modern depth
Spain and the ‘New World’, c1490–c1555Period study
Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941–91Period study
The American West, c1835–c1895Period study
The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the TrenchesPaper 1 option
The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216British depth
The USA, 1954–75: Conflict at Home and AbroadModern depth
Warfare and British Society, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918–39Modern depth
Whitechapel, c1870–c1900: Crime, Policing and the Inner CityPaper 1 option
Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941–91
Reaction to crisis, 1958–70
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2 booklet P
Overview
Kennedy's acceptance of the Berlin barrier, his 1963 visit, who won over Cuba and Khrushchev's fall, the hotline, the test ban, outer space and non-proliferation treaties, and the reaction to the invasion of Czechoslovakia.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Which leader appeared to have won the confrontation over Cuba, and why is that judgement disputed?
What was the hotline agreed in 1963?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Why did Kennedy accept the barrier through Berlin rather than pull it down?
Model answer
Tearing it down would have meant war with the Soviet Union, and he judged that a wall was far better than a war.
- 2
How did sealing the city actually make war less likely?
Model answer
It ended the refugee crisis and settled where the boundary lay, so the argument that had brought the powers to the brink since 1958 subsided.
- 3
What propaganda advantage did the west gain from the barrier?
Model answer
It could point out that the communist side had to fence its own people in, which showed people were fleeing communism rather than choosing it.
- 4
What did Kennedy declare to the crowd in the western half of the city in 1963?
Model answer
Speaking in German, he told them he too was a Berliner, promising that the USA stood with them.
- 5
What was the purpose of Kennedy's visit to West Berlin in 1963?
Model answer
To reassure the people there that the Americans would not abandon them, and to show the world the contrast between the two halves of the city.
- 6
Which leader appeared to have won the confrontation over Cuba, and why is that judgement disputed?
Model answer
Kennedy was seen as the winner because the missiles came out, but Khrushchev had secured Cuba against invasion and quietly won the removal of the missiles in Turkey.
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