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Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41

Early consolidation of power, 1917–18

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 3

Overview

The Decrees on Land and Peace, promises to workers, nationalised banks, the end of titles, the Constituent Assembly and its closure, the banning of rival parties, the Romanovs' deaths and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

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Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Who and when

What did the Decree on Land do?

Key term

What did the Decree on Peace call for?

Key term

What did the Bolshevik government promise workers in its first weeks?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What did the Decree on Land do?

    Model answer

    It abolished private ownership of large estates and let the peasants divide the landlords' land among themselves.

  2. 2

    What did the Decree on Peace call for?

    Model answer

    An immediate end to the fighting with no territory taken and no payments demanded, opening the way to talks with Germany.

  3. 3

    What did the new government promise workers in its first weeks?

    Model answer

    An eight-hour day, insurance against sickness and unemployment, and elected committees to run their factories.

  4. 4

    What happened to Russia's banks in December 1917?

    Model answer

    They were nationalised and placed under state control, so the government could direct the country's money.

  5. 5

    What did the early decrees do to titles and ranks?

    Model answer

    Aristocratic titles and army ranks were swept away, and everyone was to be addressed simply as citizen or comrade.

  6. 6

    What was the result of the Constituent Assembly elections?

    Model answer

    The Socialist Revolutionaries won by far the most seats and the Bolsheviks came second, leaving Lenin's party in a clear minority.

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AThe huge loss of life left England short of workers.
BForeign craftsmen and labourers were wanted.
CCompetition for work also bred resentment.

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