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Medicine in Britain, c1250–present

Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1900–present

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

Watson and Crick's double helix of 1953, the Human Genome Project, inherited conditions and genetic testing, lifestyle factors behind the main causes of death, and modern diagnosis through blood tests, X-rays, scans, endoscopes and home monitors.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What did Watson and Crick work out in 1953, and whose work made it possible?

Numbers

What was the Human Genome Project, and when was it completed?

Key term

Name two conditions a person can inherit.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What did Watson and Crick work out in 1953, and whose work made it possible?

    Model answer

    The double helix structure of DNA, using the X-ray images produced by Franklin and Wilkins.

  2. 2

    What was the Human Genome Project, and when was it completed?

    Model answer

    An international project that mapped every gene in human DNA, finished in 2003.

  3. 3

    Name two conditions a person can inherit.

    Model answer

    Haemophilia and cystic fibrosis.

  4. 4

    How can knowledge of a person’s genes help before they fall ill?

    Model answer

    A test can reveal an inherited risk, such as a gene raising the chance of breast cancer, so screening or surgery can be offered early.

  5. 5

    Which lifestyle factors are now linked to the main causes of death in Britain?

    Model answer

    Smoking, a poor diet leading to obesity, drinking too much alcohol and taking too little exercise.

  6. 6

    What can a blood test tell a doctor today?

    Model answer

    The level of substances such as sugar or cholesterol, the numbers of different blood cells, and whether an infection or a particular gene is present.

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£6.6 , fixed in 1921.
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AThe huge loss of life left England short of workers.
BForeign craftsmen and labourers were wanted.
CCompetition for work also bred resentment.

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Strategy means the plan for a whole campaign.
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