Where in London was Whitechapel, and what sort of district was it in the late nineteenth century?

It stood in the East End, immediately beyond the eastern boundary of the City of London, and was a densely packed inner-city district known for poverty and casual labour.

A cluster of decaying, tightly packed slum buildings joined by narrow courts and passages, where the poorest lodged and wanted men could easily hide.

What did a notorious slum street such as Flower and Dean Street look like?

Tall houses divided into single rented rooms and common lodging houses opening onto cramped courts, with a whole family often living in one room.

What power did the Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act of 1875 give local authorities?

It allowed them to buy up and pull down slum property so that better dwellings could be put up on the cleared land.

Why did clearing slums often leave the poorest residents worse off?

Their old rooms were demolished but the replacement blocks charged higher rents, so they crowded into whatever slum property was left standing nearby.

Who was George Peabody and what did he do with his fortune?

He was an American banker settled in London who gave a large sum to a trust founded to build sound, affordable homes for the city's working poor.

Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0

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Topic overview Henry VIII, Renaissance Prince The rise of Wolsey and his policies Wolsey’s foreign policy, 1509–29 Wolsey, Catherine, the succession and annulment Cromwell’s rise to power, 1529–34 The king’s marriages, 1529–40 Cromwell and government, 1534–40 The fall of Cromwell The break with Rome Opposition to, and impact of, Reformation, 1534–40 The dissolution of the monasteries The Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536

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Topic overview London at the outbreak of the Second World War The nature of attacks on London The impact of the Blitz on civilian life London’s response to the war Britain and the Second World War: the wider context Sources for a London Blitz enquiry

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Whitechapel, c1870–c1900: Crime, Policing and the Inner CityPaper 1 option

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Whitechapel, c1870–c1900: Crime, Policing and the Inner City

The local context of Whitechapel

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

Whitechapel's place in the East End, rookeries and Flower and Dean Street, the Dwellings Improvement Act of 1875 and slum clearance, George Peabody and the Peabody Estate of 1881, the workhouse and the casual ward, streets that helped criminals escape, and discontent in the 1880s.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What was a rookery?

Numbers

When did the Peabody Estate in Whitechapel open, and where was it built?

Key term

What was the deterrent principle behind conditions inside a workhouse?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Where in London was Whitechapel, and what sort of district was it in the late nineteenth century?
Model answer
It stood in the East End, immediately beyond the eastern boundary of the City of London, and was a densely packed inner-city district known for poverty and casual labour.
2
What was a rookery?
Model answer
A cluster of decaying, tightly packed slum buildings joined by narrow courts and passages, where the poorest lodged and wanted men could easily hide.
3
What did a notorious slum street such as Flower and Dean Street look like?
Model answer
Tall houses divided into single rented rooms and common lodging houses opening onto cramped courts, with a whole family often living in one room.
4
What power did the Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act of 1875 give local authorities?
Model answer
It allowed them to buy up and pull down slum property so that better dwellings could be put up on the cleared land.
5
Why did clearing slums often leave the poorest residents worse off?
Model answer
Their old rooms were demolished but the replacement blocks charged higher rents, so they crowded into whatever slum property was left standing nearby.
6
Who was George Peabody and what did he do with his fortune?
Model answer
He was an American banker settled in London who gave a large sum to a trust founded to build sound, affordable homes for the city's working poor.

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Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88

British America, 1713–83: Empire and Revolution

Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95

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AThe huge loss of life left England short of workers.

BForeign craftsmen and labourers were wanted.

CCompetition for work also bred resentment.

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