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Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941–91

The development of the Cold War

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2 booklet P

Overview

Truman's promise to Congress, containment, the Marshall Plan and Stalin's response, Cominform, Yugoslavia and Comecon, NATO and its pledge, Berlin's position, the Deutsche Mark, the blockade and airlift, and the two German states of 1949.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

How did the USA and the Soviet Union each try to organise Europe in 1947 and 1948?

Key term

What is meant by containment?

Key term

What did the Marshall Plan of 1947 offer the countries of Europe?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What did Truman promise in his statement to Congress in March 1947?

    Model answer

    That the USA would give money, weapons and advice to any free people resisting an attempt to force communism upon them.

  2. 2

    Which two countries prompted Truman's declaration of 1947?

    Model answer

    Greece, where communists were fighting the government in a civil war, and Turkey, which was under Soviet pressure over the Black Sea straits.

  3. 3

    What is meant by containment?

    Model answer

    The American policy of accepting the countries already under communist rule but preventing communism from spreading any further.

  4. 4

    What did the Marshall Plan of 1947 offer the countries of Europe?

    Model answer

    Large amounts of American money, machinery and food to rebuild their shattered economies after the war.

  5. 5

    Why did Truman believe economic aid was an effective weapon against communism?

    Model answer

    Because he thought poverty and hunger were what drove people to vote communist, so restoring prosperity would remove the appeal.

  6. 6

    Why did Stalin condemn the Marshall Plan as dollar imperialism?

    Model answer

    He argued the aid was a way of buying influence, since countries taking it would open their economies to the USA and fall under its control.

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