Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0
Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88British depth
British America, 1713–83: Empire and RevolutionPeriod study
Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95Period study
Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–presentPaper 1 option
Early Elizabethan England, 1558–88British depth
Henry VIII and His Ministers, 1509–40British depth
London and the Second World War, 1939–45Paper 1 option
Mao’s China, 1945–76Modern depth
Medicine in Britain, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Migrants in Britain, c800–presentPaper 1 option
Notting Hill, c1948–c1970Paper 1 option
Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41Modern depth
Spain and the ‘New World’, c1490–c1555Period study
Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941–91Period study
The American West, c1835–c1895Period study
The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the TrenchesPaper 1 option
The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216British depth
The USA, 1954–75: Conflict at Home and AbroadModern depth
Warfare and British Society, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918–39Modern depth
Whitechapel, c1870–c1900: Crime, Policing and the Inner CityPaper 1 option
The American West, c1835–c1895
Conflict and tension, c1835–c1862
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2 booklet P
Overview
The Permanent Indian Frontier and why it broke down, the Fort Laramie agreement of 1851 and its failure, the Indian Appropriations Act and reservations, and lawlessness in the mining camps: claim jumping, vigilance committees, miners' meetings and the federal government's few judges and marshals.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
What broke the Permanent Indian Frontier down?
What did the government promise the Plains nations in return at Fort Laramie in 1851?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What was the Permanent Indian Frontier?
Model answer
A line drawn in the 1830s west of the settled states, beyond which the Plains were left to Indigenous nations, guarded by a chain of army forts.
- 2
Why was the government willing in the 1830s to hand the Plains to Indigenous nations for ever?
Model answer
It believed the dry grassland was a desert of no use to farmers, so giving it away cost nothing.
- 3
What broke the Permanent Indian Frontier down?
Model answer
Tens of thousands of migrants crossed it on the trails to Oregon and California, and the government then wanted the land itself.
- 4
What were the Plains nations asked to accept at Fort Laramie in 1851?
Model answer
That each nation would keep to a marked territory and let wagon trains, roads and forts pass through in safety.
- 5
What did the government promise in return at Fort Laramie in 1851?
Model answer
Yearly payments of goods worth $50,000 and protection from white settlers who crossed the line.
- 6
Why did the agreement made at Fort Laramie in 1851 fail?
Model answer
No chief could bind other bands to it, the nations had never lived within fixed borders, and the payments were cut while settlers ignored the terms.
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