Key term
Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0
Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88British depth
Topic overviewAnglo-Saxon government, economy and societyThe last years of Edward the Confessor and the succession crisisThe rival claimants for the throneThe Norman invasion, 1060–66Establishing control, 1066–87Anglo-Saxon resistance, 1068–71The legacy of resistance to 1087Revolt of the Earls, 1075The feudal system and the ChurchNorman government, 1066–88The Norman aristocracy, 1066–88William I and the succession
British America, 1713–83: Empire and RevolutionPeriod study
Topic overviewDevelopments in colonial societySlavery in North AmericaProblems within the coloniesThe impact of cultural developmentsWar in the coloniesThe aftermath of the French and Indian warAmerican colonist relations with Britain: growing opposition, 1765-75The War of Independence 1775-83Consequences of the war in America
Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95Period study
Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in crime and punishment, c1000–presentNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1000–c1500The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1000–c1500Case study: the Church, sanctuary and trial by ordealNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1500–c1700The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1500–c1700Case studies: the Gunpowder Plot and Matthew HopkinsNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1700–c1900The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1700–c1900Case studies: Pentonville prison and Robert PeelNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1900–presentThe nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1900–presentCase studies: conscientious objectors and Derek Bentley
Early Elizabethan England, 1558–88British depth
Topic overviewThe situation on Elizabeth’s accessionThe ‘settlement’ of religionChallenge to the religious settlementThe problem of Mary, Queen of ScotsPlots and revolts at homeRelations with Spain, 1569–88Outbreak of war with Spain, 1585–88The Armada, 1588Education and leisure, 1558–88The ‘problem’ of the poorExploration and voyages of discoveryAttempted colonisation of Virginia
Henry VIII and His Ministers, 1509–40British depth
Topic overviewHenry VIII, Renaissance PrinceThe rise of Wolsey and his policiesWolsey’s foreign policy, 1509–29Wolsey, Catherine, the succession and annulmentCromwell’s rise to power, 1529–34The king’s marriages, 1529–40Cromwell and government, 1534–40The fall of CromwellThe break with RomeOpposition to, and impact of, Reformation, 1534–40The dissolution of the monasteriesThe Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536
London and the Second World War, 1939–45Paper 1 option
Mao’s China, 1945–76Modern depth
Topic overviewThe Civil War, 1945–49Communist rule, 1945–59Consolidating the CCP’s hold on power, 1951–52The Hundred Flowers campaign, 1956–57Early changes in agriculture, 1949–57Industry and the Five-Year Plan, 1953–57The Great Leap ForwardEconomic reform, 1962–65Reasons for the Cultural RevolutionThe Red Guards and the Red TerrorThe effects of the Cultural RevolutionThe end of the Cultural Revolution, 1968–76Communist control, 1949–76Family life and the role of womenEducation and health, 1949–76Cultural change, 1949–76
Medicine in Britain, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in medicine, c1250–presentIdeas about the cause of disease and illness, c1250–c1500Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1250–c1500Case study: the Black Death, 1348–49Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1500–c1700Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1500–c1700Case studies: William Harvey and the Great Plague of 1665Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1700–c1900Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1700–c1900Case studies: Jenner’s vaccination and the 1854 cholera outbreakIdeas about the cause of disease and illness, c1900–presentApproaches to prevention and treatment, c1900–presentCase studies: penicillin and the fight against lung cancer
Migrants in Britain, c800–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in migration to Britain, c800–presentThe context for migration, c800–c1500The experience and impact of migrants, c800–c1500Case study: York under the VikingsThe context for migration, c1500–c1700The experience and impact of migrants, c1500–c1700Case studies: Flemish and Walloon migrants, and the HuguenotsThe context for migration, c1700–c1900The experience and impact of migrants, c1700–c1900Case studies: Liverpool, and Jewish migrants in the East EndThe context for migration, c1900–presentThe experience and impact of migrants, c1900–presentCase studies: Bristol, and Asian migrants in Leicester
Notting Hill, c1948–c1970Paper 1 option
Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41Modern depth
Topic overviewThe growth of opposition to the tsar in early 1917The February RevolutionThe Provisional GovernmentThe Bolshevik RevolutionEarly consolidation of power, 1917–18The Civil War, 1918–21Moves towards totalitarianism, 1917–24Economic and social change, 1918–24The struggle for power, 1924–28The use of terror in the 1930sPropaganda and censorship, 1924–41The Cult of StalinAgriculture and collectivisation, 1924–41Changes in industry, 1924–41Life in the Soviet UnionThe position of women and ethnic minorities
Spain and the ‘New World’, c1490–c1555Period study
Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941–91Period study
Topic overviewEarly tension between East and WestThe development of the Cold WarThe Cold War intensifiesIncreased tension between East and WestCold War crises, 1958–70Reaction to crisis, 1958–70Attempts to reduce superpower tensions in the 1970sThe end of détente and the ‘Second Cold War’The collapse of Soviet control of Eastern Europe, 1985-91
The American West, c1835–c1895Period study
Topic overviewIndigenous peoples of the Plains: their beliefs and ways of lifeMigration and early settlementConflict and tension, c1835–c1862The development of settlement in the WestRanching and the cattle industryChanges in the ways of life of Indigenous peoples of the PlainsChanges in farming, the cattle industry and settlementConflict and tension, c1876–c1895Indigenous peoples of the Plains: the destruction of their ways of life
The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the TrenchesPaper 1 option
Topic overviewThe British sector of the Western Front and the trench systemConditions requiring medical treatment on the Western FrontMedical treatment on the Western FrontExperiments in surgery and medicine on the Western FrontMedicine in the early twentieth centurySources for a Western Front enquiry
The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216British depth
Topic overviewThe feudal system, 1189–1216Kingship and succession, 1189–1216Royal government and financesEnglish society, 1189–1216The nature of crusadingRichard and the Third CrusadeAftermath of the crusadeRichard, John and the loss of NormandyThe dispute with the PapacyWorsening relations with the baronsMagna Carta and the First Barons’ WarEngland in 1216
The USA, 1954–75: Conflict at Home and AbroadModern depth
Topic overviewThe position of Black Americans in the early 1950sDevelopments in education, 1954–60The Montgomery Bus Boycott and its impact, 1955–60Opposition to the civil rights movementDevelopments, 1960–62Peaceful protests and their impact, 1963–65Malcolm X and Black Power, 1963–70The civil rights movement, 1965–75Reasons for US involvement in the conflict in Vietnam, 1954–63Escalation of the conflict under JohnsonThe nature of the conflict in Vietnam, 1964–68Changes under Nixon, 1969–73Opposition to the warSupport for the warThe peace process and end of the warReasons for the failure of the USA in Vietnam
Warfare and British Society, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in warfare, c1250–presentThe nature of warfare, c1250–c1500The experience of war, c1250–c1500Case studies: the battles of Falkirk and AgincourtThe nature of warfare, c1500–c1700The experience of war, c1500–c1700Case study: the Battle of Naseby, 1645The nature of warfare, c1700–c1900The experience of war, c1700–c1900Case studies: the battles of Waterloo and BalaclavaThe nature of warfare, c1900–presentThe experience of war, c1900–presentCase studies: the Somme and the Iraq War
Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918–39Modern depth
Topic overviewThe origins of the Republic, 1918–19The early challenges to the Weimar Republic, 1919–23The ‘Golden Years’: recovery of the Republic, 1924–29Changes in society, 1924–29Early development of the Nazi Party, 1920–22The Munich Putsch and the Nazi Party, 1923–28The growth in support for the Nazis, 1929–32How Hitler became Chancellor, 1932–33The creation of a dictatorship, 1933–34The police state, 1933–39Controlling and influencing attitudesOpposition, resistance and conformityNazi policies towards womenNazi policies towards the youngEmployment and living standardsThe persecution of minorities
Whitechapel, c1870–c1900: Crime, Policing and the Inner CityPaper 1 option
Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95
- 9 subtopics
- 27 things to know
- Paper 2 booklet P
- Paper 2, one period study of five
What Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95 covers
Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95 is examined in Paper 2, Period study and British depth study. It covers the British withdrawal and the creation of Israel, Aftermath of the 1948–49 war, increased tension, 1955–63, the Six Day War, 1967, Aftermath of the 1967 war, Israel and Egypt, 1967–73, Diplomatic negotiations, 1974–95, the Palestinian issue, 1974–95 and Attempts at a solution.
Where it is assessed
Paper 2 booklet P
Period study, 20% of the GCSE, one option of five.
Check the Pearson Edexcel specification ↗The 9 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- The British withdrawal and the creation of IsraelThe British mandate, Zionist aims and Arab fears, Irgun, the Stern Gang and the King David Hotel, the partition vote of 1947, the proclamation of Israel, the invasion of 1948 and the Rhodes armistices.Open →
- Aftermath of the 1948–49 warHow much land Israel held in 1949, Gaza and the West Bank, the 700,000 refugees and UNRWA, the Israeli Defence Forces, the Law of Return, American support, Egypt's blockade and the fedayeen.Open →
- Increased tension, 1955–63Nasser's rise and Arab nationalism, the Czech arms deal, the Gaza raid of 1955, the Suez crisis of 1956 and its outcome, and the United Arab Republic.Open →
- The Six Day War, 1967The Cairo summit and the River Jordan plan, Fatah and Samu, the air clash of April 1967, Nasser's three steps in May, the closing of the Straits of Tiran, and Israel's six-day victory.Open →
- Aftermath of the 1967 warResolution 242 and its wording, the three no's of Khartoum, the closed Suez Canal, the War of Attrition, displaced Palestinians, the Golan Heights, Gaza, the West Bank, East Jerusalem and Sinai, Israeli settlements, the PFLP and Dawson's Field, Black September in Jordan, and the Munich killings of 1972 and their effect.Open →
- Israel and Egypt, 1967–73Sadat's succession, the expulsion of Soviet advisers, his hopes of America and his pact with Syria, the Bar-Lev Line, the Yom Kippur attack, the crossing of the canal and the American airlift.Open →
- Diplomatic negotiations, 1974–95The oil weapon of 1973, the superpower nuclear alert, Kissinger's shuttle diplomacy, the disengagement deals, the reopening of the Suez Canal, Sadat in Jerusalem, the thirteen days of talks in 1978 and the 1979 treaty.Open →
- The Palestinian issue, 1974–95Arafat at the United Nations in 1974, the Palestine Liberation Organisation in Lebanon and Israeli reprisals, the invasion of 1982, Sabra and Shatila, and the First Intifada from 1987.Open →
- Attempts at a solutionArafat's Geneva speech of 1988, the Gulf War and Madrid, the Oslo talks and Declaration of Principles, the Palestinian National Authority, peace with Jordan, Oslo II and the killing of Rabin.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
How was the land of the former mandate divided in 1949, and what became of the Palestinian Arabs who fled?
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What did the war of 1967 leave behind for the Arab states, the Palestinians, the Golan Heights and Gaza?
Numbers
How did Nasser come to lead Egypt?
Numbers
What was Fatah, and who led it?
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Who took charge of Egypt when Nasser died in 1970?
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Why was oil such an effective weapon in 1973?
Numbers
What form did Israeli reprisals against Lebanon take in the 1970s?
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What did Arafat announce to the United Nations in Geneva in 1988?
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Which country ruled Palestine under a mandate from the League of Nations between 1920 and 1948?
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How much of the former mandate did Israel hold once the fighting stopped in 1949?
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Why did the arms deal of 1955 alarm Israel?
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What happened at Samu in November 1966?
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What did the Arab leaders agree at Khartoum in the autumn of 1967?
Who and when
What did Sadat hope the United States would do for Egypt?
Key term
What did each superpower want in the Middle East by the mid-1970s?
Evaluation
How far did Israel's invasion of Lebanon in 1982 go?
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Why did the UN General Assembly hear Arafat in Geneva in 1988 rather than in New York?
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What did Zionist leaders want for the Jewish people in Palestine after 1945?
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Which two areas of Palestine did not fall to Israel in 1949, and who ran them?
Who and when
What did Israel do in Sinai on 29 October 1956?
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Which lands did Israel capture in the six days of fighting?
Numbers
What was the War of Attrition?
Key term
How did Sadat prepare among the Arab states before 1973?
Numbers
Who was Henry Kissinger?
Key term
What set off the First Palestinian Intifada in December 1987?
Who and when
What did the United States do after Arafat's Geneva speech of 1988?
Take Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95 further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Irgun vs Haganah
Irgun: the armed group led by Begin that bombed the King David Hotel. Haganah: the larger Jewish force that ran illegal immigration by sea and became the national army.
Fatah vs PFLP
Fatah: Arafat's guerrilla movement that began raids into Israel in 1965. PFLP: the Marxist group under George Habash that hijacked airliners to Dawson's Field.
Resolution 181 vs Resolution 242
Resolution 181: the 1947 United Nations plan partitioning Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. Resolution 242: the 1967 call for withdrawal from captured land in return for recognition.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which country ruled Palestine under a mandate from the League of Nations between 1920 and 1948?
Model answer
Britain, which governed Palestine on behalf of the League of Nations until it handed the problem to the United Nations.
- 2
What did Zionist leaders want for the Jewish people in Palestine after 1945?
Model answer
A Jewish state of their own, with the door opened to unlimited Jewish immigration, especially for survivors of the Holocaust.
- 3
Why did Palestinian Arabs oppose further Jewish immigration after the Second World War?
Model answer
They were still the large majority and feared being outnumbered and losing their land in the country where they had always lived.
- 4
Which Jewish armed groups attacked British targets in Palestine in the years after 1945?
Model answer
Irgun and the Stern Gang carried out bombings and assassinations, while the larger Haganah organised illegal immigration by sea.
- 5
What was attacked in Jerusalem in July 1946 and why was that building a target?
Model answer
The King David Hotel, which housed the British military and administrative headquarters in Palestine.
- 6
Who bombed the King David Hotel and how many people died?
Model answer
Irgun, led by Menachem Begin, and 91 people of all nationalities were killed.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95 revision questions
- What does Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95 cover in Edexcel GCSE History?
- 9 subtopics: the british withdrawal and the creation of israel, aftermath of the 1948–49 war, increased tension, 1955–63, the six day war, 1967, aftermath of the 1967 war, israel and egypt, 1967–73, diplomatic negotiations, 1974–95, the palestinian issue, 1974–95 and attempts at a solution. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95 organised?
- By the Edexcel 1HI0 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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