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Medicine in Britain, c1250–present

Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1500–c1700

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

Medieval treatments that lasted after 1500, the loss of monastery hospitals and what replaced them, transference, new remedies from the New World, the Royal College of Physicians of 1518, changes in training, and Vesalius: The Fabric of the Human Body of 1543, the errors of Galen he corrected and his influence in England.

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Key term

What effect did the closure of the monasteries have on care for the sick?

Key term

What kinds of hospital gradually took the place of the monastic hospitals?

Key term

Which new remedies reached England from abroad in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Which medieval treatments were still in everyday use after 1500?

    Model answer

    Bloodletting, purging and herbal remedies, all still justified by the need to balance the humours.

  2. 2

    What effect did the closure of the monasteries have on care for the sick?

    Model answer

    Most hospitals closed with them, so for many years there were far fewer places where the poor could be cared for.

  3. 3

    What kinds of hospital gradually took their place?

    Model answer

    Smaller hospitals paid for by wealthy donors and charities, and pest houses that admitted patients with one particular disease.

  4. 4

    What was transference?

    Model answer

    The belief that an illness could be passed out of the body into something else, such as rubbing an object on a sore and then throwing it away.

  5. 5

    Which new remedies reached England from abroad in this period?

    Model answer

    Plants brought back from the New World, including guaiacum and cinchona bark, which was used against malaria.

  6. 6

    Which body was set up in 1518 to control who could practise medicine?

    Model answer

    The Royal College of Physicians, which licensed doctors and set standards for them.

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