Key term
Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0
Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88British depth
Topic overviewAnglo-Saxon government, economy and societyThe last years of Edward the Confessor and the succession crisisThe rival claimants for the throneThe Norman invasion, 1060–66Establishing control, 1066–87Anglo-Saxon resistance, 1068–71The legacy of resistance to 1087Revolt of the Earls, 1075The feudal system and the ChurchNorman government, 1066–88The Norman aristocracy, 1066–88William I and the succession
British America, 1713–83: Empire and RevolutionPeriod study
Topic overviewDevelopments in colonial societySlavery in North AmericaProblems within the coloniesThe impact of cultural developmentsWar in the coloniesThe aftermath of the French and Indian warAmerican colonist relations with Britain: growing opposition, 1765-75The War of Independence 1775-83Consequences of the war in America
Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95Period study
Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in crime and punishment, c1000–presentNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1000–c1500The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1000–c1500Case study: the Church, sanctuary and trial by ordealNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1500–c1700The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1500–c1700Case studies: the Gunpowder Plot and Matthew HopkinsNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1700–c1900The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1700–c1900Case studies: Pentonville prison and Robert PeelNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1900–presentThe nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1900–presentCase studies: conscientious objectors and Derek Bentley
Early Elizabethan England, 1558–88British depth
Topic overviewThe situation on Elizabeth’s accessionThe ‘settlement’ of religionChallenge to the religious settlementThe problem of Mary, Queen of ScotsPlots and revolts at homeRelations with Spain, 1569–88Outbreak of war with Spain, 1585–88The Armada, 1588Education and leisure, 1558–88The ‘problem’ of the poorExploration and voyages of discoveryAttempted colonisation of Virginia
Henry VIII and His Ministers, 1509–40British depth
Topic overviewHenry VIII, Renaissance PrinceThe rise of Wolsey and his policiesWolsey’s foreign policy, 1509–29Wolsey, Catherine, the succession and annulmentCromwell’s rise to power, 1529–34The king’s marriages, 1529–40Cromwell and government, 1534–40The fall of CromwellThe break with RomeOpposition to, and impact of, Reformation, 1534–40The dissolution of the monasteriesThe Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536
London and the Second World War, 1939–45Paper 1 option
Mao’s China, 1945–76Modern depth
Topic overviewThe Civil War, 1945–49Communist rule, 1945–59Consolidating the CCP’s hold on power, 1951–52The Hundred Flowers campaign, 1956–57Early changes in agriculture, 1949–57Industry and the Five-Year Plan, 1953–57The Great Leap ForwardEconomic reform, 1962–65Reasons for the Cultural RevolutionThe Red Guards and the Red TerrorThe effects of the Cultural RevolutionThe end of the Cultural Revolution, 1968–76Communist control, 1949–76Family life and the role of womenEducation and health, 1949–76Cultural change, 1949–76
Medicine in Britain, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in medicine, c1250–presentIdeas about the cause of disease and illness, c1250–c1500Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1250–c1500Case study: the Black Death, 1348–49Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1500–c1700Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1500–c1700Case studies: William Harvey and the Great Plague of 1665Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1700–c1900Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1700–c1900Case studies: Jenner’s vaccination and the 1854 cholera outbreakIdeas about the cause of disease and illness, c1900–presentApproaches to prevention and treatment, c1900–presentCase studies: penicillin and the fight against lung cancer
Migrants in Britain, c800–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in migration to Britain, c800–presentThe context for migration, c800–c1500The experience and impact of migrants, c800–c1500Case study: York under the VikingsThe context for migration, c1500–c1700The experience and impact of migrants, c1500–c1700Case studies: Flemish and Walloon migrants, and the HuguenotsThe context for migration, c1700–c1900The experience and impact of migrants, c1700–c1900Case studies: Liverpool, and Jewish migrants in the East EndThe context for migration, c1900–presentThe experience and impact of migrants, c1900–presentCase studies: Bristol, and Asian migrants in Leicester
Notting Hill, c1948–c1970Paper 1 option
Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41Modern depth
Topic overviewThe growth of opposition to the tsar in early 1917The February RevolutionThe Provisional GovernmentThe Bolshevik RevolutionEarly consolidation of power, 1917–18The Civil War, 1918–21Moves towards totalitarianism, 1917–24Economic and social change, 1918–24The struggle for power, 1924–28The use of terror in the 1930sPropaganda and censorship, 1924–41The Cult of StalinAgriculture and collectivisation, 1924–41Changes in industry, 1924–41Life in the Soviet UnionThe position of women and ethnic minorities
Spain and the ‘New World’, c1490–c1555Period study
Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941–91Period study
Topic overviewEarly tension between East and WestThe development of the Cold WarThe Cold War intensifiesIncreased tension between East and WestCold War crises, 1958–70Reaction to crisis, 1958–70Attempts to reduce superpower tensions in the 1970sThe end of détente and the ‘Second Cold War’The collapse of Soviet control of Eastern Europe, 1985-91
The American West, c1835–c1895Period study
Topic overviewIndigenous peoples of the Plains: their beliefs and ways of lifeMigration and early settlementConflict and tension, c1835–c1862The development of settlement in the WestRanching and the cattle industryChanges in the ways of life of Indigenous peoples of the PlainsChanges in farming, the cattle industry and settlementConflict and tension, c1876–c1895Indigenous peoples of the Plains: the destruction of their ways of life
The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the TrenchesPaper 1 option
Topic overviewThe British sector of the Western Front and the trench systemConditions requiring medical treatment on the Western FrontMedical treatment on the Western FrontExperiments in surgery and medicine on the Western FrontMedicine in the early twentieth centurySources for a Western Front enquiry
The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216British depth
Topic overviewThe feudal system, 1189–1216Kingship and succession, 1189–1216Royal government and financesEnglish society, 1189–1216The nature of crusadingRichard and the Third CrusadeAftermath of the crusadeRichard, John and the loss of NormandyThe dispute with the PapacyWorsening relations with the baronsMagna Carta and the First Barons’ WarEngland in 1216
The USA, 1954–75: Conflict at Home and AbroadModern depth
Topic overviewThe position of Black Americans in the early 1950sDevelopments in education, 1954–60The Montgomery Bus Boycott and its impact, 1955–60Opposition to the civil rights movementDevelopments, 1960–62Peaceful protests and their impact, 1963–65Malcolm X and Black Power, 1963–70The civil rights movement, 1965–75Reasons for US involvement in the conflict in Vietnam, 1954–63Escalation of the conflict under JohnsonThe nature of the conflict in Vietnam, 1964–68Changes under Nixon, 1969–73Opposition to the warSupport for the warThe peace process and end of the warReasons for the failure of the USA in Vietnam
Warfare and British Society, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in warfare, c1250–presentThe nature of warfare, c1250–c1500The experience of war, c1250–c1500Case studies: the battles of Falkirk and AgincourtThe nature of warfare, c1500–c1700The experience of war, c1500–c1700Case study: the Battle of Naseby, 1645The nature of warfare, c1700–c1900The experience of war, c1700–c1900Case studies: the battles of Waterloo and BalaclavaThe nature of warfare, c1900–presentThe experience of war, c1900–presentCase studies: the Somme and the Iraq War
Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918–39Modern depth
Topic overviewThe origins of the Republic, 1918–19The early challenges to the Weimar Republic, 1919–23The ‘Golden Years’: recovery of the Republic, 1924–29Changes in society, 1924–29Early development of the Nazi Party, 1920–22The Munich Putsch and the Nazi Party, 1923–28The growth in support for the Nazis, 1929–32How Hitler became Chancellor, 1932–33The creation of a dictatorship, 1933–34The police state, 1933–39Controlling and influencing attitudesOpposition, resistance and conformityNazi policies towards womenNazi policies towards the youngEmployment and living standardsThe persecution of minorities
Whitechapel, c1870–c1900: Crime, Policing and the Inner CityPaper 1 option
Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present
- 13 subtopics
- 39 things to know
- Paper 1
- Paper 1, one thematic study with its linked historic environment, of four pairs
What Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present covers
Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present is examined in Paper 1, Thematic study and historic environment. It covers factors driving change in crime and punishment, c1000–present, nature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1000–c1500, the nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1000–c1500, case study: the Church, sanctuary and trial by ordeal, nature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1500–c1700, the nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1500–c1700, case studies: the Gunpowder Plot and Matthew Hopkins, nature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1700–c1900, the nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1700–c1900, case studies: Pentonville prison and Robert Peel, nature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1900–present, the nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1900–present and case studies: conscientious objectors and Derek Bentley.
Where it is assessed
Paper 1
Thematic study and historic environment, 30% of the GCSE, one option of four.
Check the Pearson Edexcel specification ↗The 13 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Factors driving change in crime and punishment, c1000–presentThe three factors behind change, the Church as a brake and government as a driver, technology and science in detection, turning points such as the Norman Conquest and the London police, continuity in theft, factors combining, witchcraft, printing and heresy, towns and trade, the four purposes of punishment, total war, capital offences, the role of ordinary people and new prisons.Open →
- Nature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1000–c1500Petty theft as the commonest crime, crimes against the person, treason as the most serious offence, social crime and poaching, moral crimes in the Church courts, William I's Forest Laws and why they were made and resented, and the murdrum fine.Open →
- The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1000–c1500Tithings, the hue and cry, the parish constable, the shire reeve and the justice of the peace, retribution and deterrence, the wergild and its abolition after the Conquest, corporal and capital punishment, the stocks and pillory, and why punishments were carried out in public.Open →
- Case study: the Church, sanctuary and trial by ordealSanctuary and the choice it forced, Benefit of Clergy and the Bible verse used to claim it, when trial by ordeal was used, the ordeals by hot iron, cold water and blessed bread, and why the ordeals ended after the Pope's ban of 1215.Open →
- Nature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1500–c1700Theft as the commonest crime, heresy and its punishment, high treason, vagabonds and the Vagrancy Act of 1547, and why witchcraft was feared and who was accused of it.Open →
- The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1500–c1700Town watchmen and the parish constable, assize judges, detection by ordinary people, whipping and the pillory, transportation to the colonies, and the beginnings of the Bloody Code.Open →
- Case studies: the Gunpowder Plot and Matthew HopkinsThe aims of the 1605 plotters, Catesby and Fawkes, the Monteagle letter, the treason charge and executions, then Matthew Hopkins, the witch-hunts of 1645–47, his methods, hangings and fees.Open →
- Nature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1700–c1900The rise and fall of highway robbery, poaching and the Black Act, smuggling and its decline, the end of witchcraft prosecutions, and the Tolpuddle Martyrs.Open →
- The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1700–c1900The Fieldings and the Bow Street Runners, thief-takers, the Police Act of 1856, the CID, the shift towards reform, transportation to Australia, the end of public hanging, John Howard and Elizabeth Fry.Open →
- Case studies: Pentonville prison and Robert PeelWhy Pentonville opened in 1842, the separate system and its design, its strengths and weaknesses, then Peel as Home Secretary, the capital offences he removed, the Gaols Act and the 1829 police.Open →
- Nature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1900–presentTheft as the commonest offence and its new forms such as car crime and cybercrime, people trafficking, modern smuggling, crimes against authority, driving offences, race crime and racially aggravated offences, how drug crime came about and how illegal drugs are classified.Open →
- The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1900–presentNeighbourhood Watch and Police Community Support Officers, specialist branches, fingerprints, DNA, cars, radios and computers, the shift towards prevention and CCTV, the end of hanging in 1965 and 1969 and why opinion turned, open prisons, young offenders and borstals, and punishments outside prison such as community orders and tagging.Open →
- Case studies: conscientious objectors and Derek BentleyConscientious objectors and their tribunals, alternativists and absolutists, their treatment in both world wars, then the Bentley case of 1952, the criticised verdict and its effect on the death penalty.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Who kept order, tried serious cases and caught criminals in early modern England?
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Which kinds of crime are most common in Britain since 1900, and which new forms have appeared?
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Which three factors are used to explain change in crime and punishment across the whole period?
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Why was the death penalty removed from most offences in the 1820s and 1830s?
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Which crime was committed most often in medieval England?
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What happened if a tithing failed to produce one of its members?
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Which crime continued to be the most common in early modern England?
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What did the plotters of 1605 intend to do?
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Why did highway robbery increase in the early eighteenth century?
Numbers
When did Pentonville prison open, and what was it built to be?
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What do Police Community Support Officers do?
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Who were the conscientious objectors?
Numbers
Give one example of government acting as the driving force behind a change in law enforcement.
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Give two examples of medieval crimes against the person.
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What was the job of the parish constable?
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What was sanctuary?
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Why did the number of heresy trials rise and fall so sharply in the sixteenth century?
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What did town watchmen do?
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Who led the Gunpowder Plot, and who was caught with the barrels of gunpowder?
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Why had highway robbery almost vanished by the 1830s?
Who and when
Who were the Fielding brothers?
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Why was Pentonville built?
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Which offence is still committed most often in Britain today?
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Give three examples of specialist branches within a modern police force.
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What was the difference between an alternativist and an absolutist?
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How did new technology help catch criminals in the nineteenth century?
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Which offence was regarded as the most serious of all in medieval England, and why?
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What was a justice of the peace?
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What choice faced a person who had claimed sanctuary?
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Who were the vagabonds?
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Who supervised the watch in an early modern town?
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How was the Gunpowder Plot uncovered?
Who and when
What did the Black Act of 1723 do?
Who and when
What did the Bow Street Runners do?
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What was the separate system?
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Name two forms of theft that did not exist before 1900.
Numbers
How did fingerprint evidence change detection?
Key term
How was the treatment of objectors different in the Second World War?
Take Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Tithing vs Hue and cry
Tithing: a group of ten men responsible for each other's behaviour before the court. Hue and cry: the call obliging everyone to stop and join the chase after a suspect.
Sanctuary vs Benefit of Clergy
Sanctuary: protection in a church from seizure, followed by trial or exile within forty days. Benefit of Clergy: moving a case to a Church court by reading a Bible verse aloud.
Wergild vs Murdrum fine
Wergild: compensation paid by an Anglo-Saxon offender to the victim's family. Murdrum fine: a penalty on the whole hundred when a Norman was found killed.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which three factors are used to explain change in crime and punishment across the whole period?
Model answer
Attitudes in society; individuals and institutions such as the Church and government; and science and technology.
- 2
Give one example of the Church acting as a brake on change in the way criminals were dealt with.
Model answer
It kept sanctuary and Benefit of Clergy alive, which allowed many accused people to escape the king's courts and the death penalty.
- 3
Give one example of government acting as the driving force behind a change in law enforcement.
Model answer
The Home Secretary's law of 1829 created a paid, uniformed police force for London in place of parish constables and watchmen.
- 4
How did new technology help catch criminals in the nineteenth century?
Model answer
The electric telegraph and the railways allowed messages and officers to travel faster than a fleeing suspect, and printed descriptions of wanted people were circulated widely.
- 5
How has science changed the identification of suspects since 1900?
Model answer
Fingerprint records, and later DNA profiling, allow traces left at a scene to be matched to a named individual.
- 6
What is meant by a turning point in the history of crime and punishment?
Model answer
A development after which the direction of change is clearly different from what went before.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present revision questions
- What does Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present cover in Edexcel GCSE History?
- 13 subtopics: factors driving change in crime and punishment, c1000–present, nature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1000–c1500, the nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1000–c1500, case study: the church, sanctuary and trial by ordeal, nature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1500–c1700, the nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1500–c1700, case studies: the gunpowder plot and matthew hopkins, nature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1700–c1900, the nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1700–c1900, case studies: pentonville prison and robert peel, nature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1900–present, the nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1900–present and case studies: conscientious objectors and derek bentley. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present organised?
- By the Edexcel 1HI0 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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