What evidence is there that support was less solid than it looked?

Secret reports gathered by opponents recorded constant grumbling about wages, food prices and the Churches, and thousands were arrested every year for political offences.

Why is the true level of support for the regime so hard to judge?

Elections were not free, the press was censored and criticism was punished, so Germans said in public whatever was safe.

What did most Germans who disliked the regime actually do?

They conformed outwardly, giving the salute and joining the required organisations, while keeping their real opinions inside the family.

Who was Pastor Martin Niemöller and what did he set up?

A Protestant minister and former submarine commander who rejected Nazi control of religion and led the breakaway Confessing Church of around 6,000 pastors.

What happened to Niemöller?

He was arrested in 1937 and held in concentration camps until the end of the Second World War.

Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0

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Topic overview Henry VIII, Renaissance Prince The rise of Wolsey and his policies Wolsey’s foreign policy, 1509–29 Wolsey, Catherine, the succession and annulment Cromwell’s rise to power, 1529–34 The king’s marriages, 1529–40 Cromwell and government, 1534–40 The fall of Cromwell The break with Rome Opposition to, and impact of, Reformation, 1534–40 The dissolution of the monasteries The Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536

London and the Second World War, 1939–45Paper 1 option

Topic overview London at the outbreak of the Second World War The nature of attacks on London The impact of the Blitz on civilian life London’s response to the war Britain and the Second World War: the wider context Sources for a London Blitz enquiry

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Topic overview The Civil War, 1945–49 Communist rule, 1945–59 Consolidating the CCP’s hold on power, 1951–52 The Hundred Flowers campaign, 1956–57 Early changes in agriculture, 1949–57 Industry and the Five-Year Plan, 1953–57 The Great Leap Forward Economic reform, 1962–65 Reasons for the Cultural Revolution The Red Guards and the Red Terror The effects of the Cultural Revolution The end of the Cultural Revolution, 1968–76 Communist control, 1949–76 Family life and the role of women Education and health, 1949–76 Cultural change, 1949–76

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Topic overview The local context of Notting Hill The influence of Caribbean cultures on the area Racism and policing Black activism in the Notting Hill area Migration, race relations and the national context Sources for a Notting Hill enquiry

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Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918–39

Opposition, resistance and conformity

3 things to know
Paper 3

Overview

Why many Germans backed the regime, evidence of grumbling, why support is hard to judge, outward conformity, Niemöller and the Confessing Church, Catholic protest, the Edelweiss Pirates and the Swing Youth.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Who and when

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates and what did they do?

Key term

What reasons did many Germans have to back the regime by the late 1930s?

Key term

What evidence is there that support for the Nazi regime was less solid than it looked?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What reasons did many Germans have to back the regime by the late 1930s?
Model answer
Mass unemployment had gone, the streets were orderly, the hated peace terms had been torn up and Germany was feared and respected again.
2
What evidence is there that support was less solid than it looked?
Model answer
Secret reports gathered by opponents recorded constant grumbling about wages, food prices and the Churches, and thousands were arrested every year for political offences.
3
Why is the true level of support for the regime so hard to judge?
Model answer
Elections were not free, the press was censored and criticism was punished, so Germans said in public whatever was safe.
4
What did most Germans who disliked the regime actually do?
Model answer
They conformed outwardly, giving the salute and joining the required organisations, while keeping their real opinions inside the family.
5
Who was Pastor Martin Niemöller and what did he set up?
Model answer
A Protestant minister and former submarine commander who rejected Nazi control of religion and led the breakaway Confessing Church of around 6,000 pastors.
6
What happened to Niemöller?
Model answer
He was arrested in 1937 and held in concentration camps until the end of the Second World War.

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Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88

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£6.6 , fixed in 1921.

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AThe huge loss of life left England short of workers.

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